The effect of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles on the processing of epoxy/glass fiber composites using resin infusion

Umer, Rehan; Li, Y.; Dong, Yu; Haroosh, Hazim; Liao, Kin

doi:10.1007/s00170-015-7427-1

Cited by 72 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…On the other hand, Chen and Yang [6] reported that the modification of natural clays with onium ions could enhance interlayer spacing and thus increasing the glass transition temperature of resulting nanocomposites. In addition, widespread investigations have been made to evaluate the effect of clay inclusions on tensile strength [13][14][15][16], Young's modulus [17,18], tensile creep behavior [19], flexural properties [20][21][22], heat resistance [23,24], barrier performance [25] and flame retardancy [26] of nanocomposites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the effect of ultrasonication is also clearly demonstrated on clay dispersion in polymer matrices, which has been proven to be highly effective for the dispersion of fine fillers within polymer matrices [21,42]. In the sonication process, when sound waves propagate into the liquid, ultrasound cavities like bubbles take place (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of material formulation and manufacturing process on mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites

Salam

Dong

Davies

et al. 2016

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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A holistic study was conducted to investigate the combined effect of three different pre-mixing processes, namely mechanical mixing, ultrasonication and centrifugation, on mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites reinforced with different platelet-like montmorillonite (MMT) clays (Cloisite Na + , Cloisite 10A, Cloisite 15 or Cloisite 93A) at clay contents of 3-10 wt%. Furthermore, the effect of combined pre-mixing processes and material formulation on clay dispersion and corresponding material properties of resulting composites was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), flexural and Charpy impact tests, Rockwell hardness tests and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A high level of clay agglomeration and partially intercalated/exfoliated clay structures were observed regardless of clay type and content. Epoxy/clay nanocomposites demonstrate an overall noticeable improvement of up to 10 % in the glass transition temperature (T g ) compared to that of neat epoxy, which is interpreted by the inclusion of MMT clays acting as rigid fillers to restrict the chain mobility of epoxy matrices. The impact strength of epoxy/clay nanocomposites was also found to increase by up to 24 % with the addition of 3 wt% Cloisite Na + clays. However, their flexural strength and hardness diminished when compared to those of neat epoxy, arising from several effects including clay agglomeration, widely distributed microvoids and microcracks as well as weak interfacial bonding between clay particles and epoxy matrices, as confirmed from TEM and SEM results. Overall, it is suggested that an improved technique should be used for the combination of pre-mixing processes in order to achieve the optimal manufacturing condition of uniform clay dispersion and minimal void contents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of material formulation and manufacturing process on mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites

Salam

Dong

Davies

et al. 2016

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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show abstract

“…Finally, the test coupons were machined with a diamond coated tooling. The tensile test was measured from un-tabbed 175 3 25 3 2.5 mm 3 specimens, in agreement with the ASTM D 3,039 standard and with a displacement rate of 0.4 mm min 21 ; the initial strain rate was of 0.01 min 21 , using a servohydraulically Instron 8,516 material testing system (Instron corporation, Canton, MA) with a 100 kN load cell and wedge grips.…”

Section: Go-epoxy Carbon Fiber Composite Laminate Preparation and Chamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last few years, many research works have focused their attention on improving the matrix‐dominated performance of FRC by adding toughening agents such as elastomeric phase and/or nanoparticles such as nanosilica and carbon nanomaterials like carbon black (CB) , carbon nanotubes (CNT) , carbon nanofibers (CNF) and more recently, graphene . Among the manufacturing processes for FRC, the most popular ones are injection technologies, like resin transfer molding (RTM) and resin infusion (RI), due to their short cycles and economic costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of graphene oxide surface chemistry on the improvement of the interlaminar mechanical properties of resin infusion processed epoxy‐carbon fiber composites

et al. 2017

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The present study deals with the influence of graphene oxide functional groups on their ability to reinforce an epoxy resin when forming carbon fiber composites. Composites were processed through the direct vacuum infusion of the doped resin into carbon fiber fabrics. We used graphene oxide nanosheets with two different chemical characters: as‐produced graphene oxide, with a high oxygen content and acid character, and a simple ammonia base‐washed graphene oxide, which to a great extent removes the oxidative debris or highly oxidized fulvic‐like entities, resulting in an average lower oxygen content and cleaner surface sheets than as‐produced graphene oxide. Base‐washed graphene oxide performed considerably better in both tensile and mode‐I interlaminar properties of carbon fiber composites. The fracture energy required for the onset of mode I interlaminar fracture toughness was enhanced 31% when using as‐produced graphene oxide and 60% when using base‐washed graphene oxide by adding 0.2 wt% only. More interestingly, base‐washed graphene oxide produces a higher delamination resistance along the entire range of crack growth. The effect of adding graphene oxide with a cleaner surface and lower oxygen surface chemistry allows direct chemical bonding matrix‐graphene when the resin is curing, promoting a better interface fiber‐resin and consequently, improving the reinforcement efficiency. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E2116–E2124, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…There are two primary methods used to introduce nanoparticles into composite materials. One method involves dispersing the nanoparticles in the resin [19][20][21][22][23]. However, the high surface area and aspect ratio of the nanoparticles can result in an increase in resin viscosity [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing and Mechanical Properties of Graphene Coated Glass Fabric and Epoxy Composites

Umer

2018

J. Compos. Sci.

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Abstract:The processing characteristics and mechanical properties of glass fabric reinforcements coated with graphene nanoparticles were investigated. Graphene was coated onto either one or both sides of a plain weave glass fabric. The coated fabrics were investigated to measure key process characterization parameters used for vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process which are, reinforcement compaction response, in-plane, and transverse permeability. It was found that graphene coated glass reinforcements were stiffer than the pure glass reinforcements which will have direct influence on final fiber volume fraction obtained during VARTM processing. The permeability measurement results show that the graphene coated reinforcements filled relatively slower compared with the pure glass samples. Composite samples were then tested for flexural and low velocity impact. The initial results show that the flexural modulus did not change as the wt % of graphene increases. However, a decrease in flexural strength with increasing wt % of graphene was observed. It was also observed that the coating of graphene on glass reinforcements caused delamination between plies and resisted localized damage under low velocity impact as compared to pure glass samples.

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The effect of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles on the processing of epoxy/glass fiber composites using resin infusion

Cited by 72 publications

References 51 publications

The effects of material formulation and manufacturing process on mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites

The effects of material formulation and manufacturing process on mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites

Role of graphene oxide surface chemistry on the improvement of the interlaminar mechanical properties of resin infusion processed epoxy‐carbon fiber composites

Manufacturing and Mechanical Properties of Graphene Coated Glass Fabric and Epoxy Composites

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