The effect of graphite and carbon black ratios on conductive ink performance

Phillips, Christopher; Al-Ahmadi, Awadh; Potts, Sarah-Jane; Claypole, Tim; Deganello, Davide

doi:10.1007/s10853-017-1114-6

Cited by 122 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Furthermore, it must also be stressed that the ratio between carbon black and graphite is relevant not only in terms of electrical conductivity; conversely, it also has an influence on the processability of the carbon paste, in terms of viscosity, adhesion to the other cell layers and infiltration degree of the perovskite. 76,77 Carbon-based materials may be processed by two main deposition techniques. The first process requires temperatures in the range 400-500 1C.…”

Section: Federico Bellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Fagiolari

Bella

2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

258

188

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Almost ten years after their first use in the photovoltaic (PV) field, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are now hybrid devices that, in addition to having reached silicon performance, can accelerate the energy transition and boost the use of abundant elements for their manufacturing process. However, noble metals (in particular gold) represent the most typically used sources for back electrode fabrication, and this issue has been intensively considered by the research community in the last five years. This review shows how the most promising solution, considering also the need to develop a large-scale production process, is based on the use of carbon-based materials for the preparation of back electrodes. Graphite, carbon black, graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proposed, functionalized and characterized, leading to laboratory-scale solar cells and modules capable of providing excellent efficiencies and ensuring stability greater than those of gold-based devices. Strengthened by these results and its hydrophobizing properties, carbon has also started to be used as an electron transporting material (ETM), with excellent results on both rigid and flexible substrates. This review discusses the major advances and the updated state-of-the-art in the carbon-based PSC scenario, keeping a solid trajectory where the accessibility, low cost, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability and controllable porosity of carbon are highlighted and exploited in the design of upscalable hybrid solar cells. Broader contextToday, more than 75% of the world energy demand is met by traditional, non-sustainable energy resources, mainly based on coal, natural gas and oil. Photovoltaics represents a concrete action to mitigate fossil fuel consumption, and among all the developed solar cells, perovskite-based ones have shown the highest increase in terms of efficiency (currently above 25%). Halide perovskites, as a family of new-generation semiconductor materials, are also exploitable for light-emitting devices, photodetectors and memristors, but their use in photovoltaics gives rise to outstanding performances. Here, photogenerated charges pass through electron/hole transporting materials and are transferred to the external circuit by front and back electrodes. While the front electrode is a common conductive glass, many issues are now under study concerning the back electrode, traditionally made of gold. Indeed, replacing this expensive metal with a much cheaper alternative is vital for realizing affordable solar technologies. Carbon, in its multiple forms, represents the winning solution and the scientific community has recently shown its large scale processability, its power as a stability booster and some interesting effects at the perovskite/electrode interface. This review shows how carbon is becoming the winning ingredient for the scaling up and worldwide diffusion of perovskite solar cells.

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Section: Federico Bellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Fagiolari

Bella

2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

258

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In conductive paste development, a binder is necessary, which increases the resistivity of the final paste. Recently, Phillips et al found that a mixture of graphite and carbon black (ratio of 6 to 1) produced an optimal conductivity of 0.029 Ω cm with good rheology properties for screen printing. The much smaller carbon black fills graphite gaps, resulting in a more conductive composite.…”

Section: Processing Of Carbon Nanomaterials For Flexible Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Patterning Methods of Flexible Sensors Using Carbon Nanomaterials on Polymers

Costa

Choi

2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Flexible sensors composed of carbon nanostructures and elastic materials have been developed for healthcare monitoring, environmental monitoring, disposable biochemical or electrochemical sensors, and many other applications. Fabrication approaches for such sensors and their advantages and current issues related to patterning high-performance flexible sensors are reviewed. A focus is placed on patterning techniques for carbon-based flexible sensors including carbon nanotubes, graphene, and other carbon nanostructures. First, novel patterning techniques for nanomaterials are described, along with their current challenges. Next, emerging flexible sensors including humidity, temperature, strain, and pressure sensors are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for flexible sensors are addressed. REVIEW www.advintellsyst.com

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“…These limitations impede the applications of conventional electrothermal materials but remain lots of opportunities to develop new materials. Nowadays carbon based conductive ink (CCI), which is mainly composed with carbon nanomaterials, has employed for flexible heating film for the [16][17][18][19][20] low cost, robustness, easy fabrication, long-term stability and safety. However, most of these carbon based inks are less thermal and electrical conductive comparing to metal based materials, thereby the electro-thermal conversion efficiency and heating performance are not as good as metal materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Electro-Thermal Responsive Heating Film Fabricated from Graphene Modified Conductive Materials

Zhao¹,

Niu²,

Yang³

et al. 2021

Eng. Sci.

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Flexible electro-thermal heating film has caught great attentions for their efficient energy conversion and easy to customization in many fields. In this work, an ultrafast electro-thermal responsible heating film was fabricated via silk-screen printing method by using graphene modified carbon black based conductive ink. The graphene modified carbon heating film (CHF) was able to reach an equilibrium-state temperature with rapid o o o o heating and cooling rate of 5.6 C/s and 15.6 C/s, comparing to the unmodified sample (1.01 C/s and 1.03 C/s), for the high electrical and thermal conductivity and huge heat exchanging area. The steady temperature of CHF was controllable by changing the amount of graphene. A o dramatic enhancement of steady temperature from 38 to 83 C was controlled by changing graphene amount from 0 to 35 wt.%. The facile fabrication and superior electro-thermal performance of CHF make it feasible to scale up and customization for various heating conditions.

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The effect of graphite and carbon black ratios on conductive ink performance

Cited by 122 publications

References 19 publications

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Fabrication and Patterning Methods of Flexible Sensors Using Carbon Nanomaterials on Polymers

Ultrafast Electro-Thermal Responsive Heating Film Fabricated from Graphene Modified Conductive Materials

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