“…After trying various methods (including sending an email to the article author), the problem was still not resolved. Therefore, 12 studies were finally included in this study for meta-analysis 20 – 25 , 33 – 38 . Figure 1 Flow chart of literature screening.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Of the 13 included studies, 4 studies were from Turkey 20 , 24 , 33 , 38 , 6 studies were from Iran 22 , 23 , 25 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 2 studies were from China 36 , 37 , and 1 study was from Israel 21 . Two studies were Chinese articles 36 , 37 and the rest were English articles.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Eight studies used foot reflexology for the intervention 20 – 23 , 32 – 35 and five studies used foot massage 24 , 25 , 36 – 38 . One study intervened before labor 34 , six studies intervened during labor 20 – 23 , 32 , 33 , and six studies intervened after labor 24 , 25 , 35 – 38 . Two studies conducted three session interventions 36 , 37 , two studies conducted two sessions interventions 22 , 38 , and the remaining study had only one session intervention.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The specific interventions (e.g., the amount of time each foot received foot reflexology massage) for the experimental and control groups in each study are shown in Table S3 . Seven studies assessed pain using the VAS 20 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 33 , 35 , 38 , one studies used the Pain Rating Index (PRI) 32 , and one study used the NRS 24 . Four studies used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to assess anxiety 20 , 25 , 32 , 34 , two studies used the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) 36 , 37 , and the other study used the Visual Analogue Scale-Anxiety (VAS-A) 21 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Four studies used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to assess anxiety 20 , 25 , 32 , 34 , two studies used the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) 36 , 37 , and the other study used the Visual Analogue Scale-Anxiety (VAS-A) 21 . Two studies assessed the birth satisfaction of maternal using the Birth Satisfaction Scale (BSS) 20 , 33 . The interventionists in each of the above studies were either experienced or had formal training.…”
To explore the effects of foot reflexology massage on anxiety, pain, duration of labor, labor satisfaction, blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate in pregnant women. We systematically searched eight databases for randomized controlled studies on the effects of foot reflexology massage on pregnant women. The inclusion criteria were as follow: participants were pregnant woman; the intervention is foot reflexology or foot massage; the control intervention is placebo, usual care, or no intervention; outcome indicators included pain, anxiety, birth satisfaction, duration of labor, blood pressure, pulse, and respiration; and study type was randomized controlled study. Studies that did not meet the above requirements were excluded. We assessed the quality of the included studies using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale, the risk of bias using the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool, and the level of evidence for the outcomes using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation. We used Review Manager 5.3 for data analysis and generated funnel plots to assess publication bias. In addition, sensitivity analysis was used to test the stability of the results. A total of 13 randomized controlled studies with 1189 participants were included in this study. Compared to the control group, foot reflexology massage reduced anxiety and pain in pregnant women, shortened the three stages of labor, and increased birth satisfaction. In addition, it also reduced the pulse rate and respiratory rate of pregnant women, but not for blood pressure. Foot reflexology massage can significantly reduce anxiety and pain, shorten the duration of labor, increase birth satisfaction, and stabilize vital signs in pregnant women. It is a safe and non-invasive form of complementary therapy.PROSPERO registered number: CRD42022359641. URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=359641.
“…After trying various methods (including sending an email to the article author), the problem was still not resolved. Therefore, 12 studies were finally included in this study for meta-analysis 20 – 25 , 33 – 38 . Figure 1 Flow chart of literature screening.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Of the 13 included studies, 4 studies were from Turkey 20 , 24 , 33 , 38 , 6 studies were from Iran 22 , 23 , 25 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 2 studies were from China 36 , 37 , and 1 study was from Israel 21 . Two studies were Chinese articles 36 , 37 and the rest were English articles.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Eight studies used foot reflexology for the intervention 20 – 23 , 32 – 35 and five studies used foot massage 24 , 25 , 36 – 38 . One study intervened before labor 34 , six studies intervened during labor 20 – 23 , 32 , 33 , and six studies intervened after labor 24 , 25 , 35 – 38 . Two studies conducted three session interventions 36 , 37 , two studies conducted two sessions interventions 22 , 38 , and the remaining study had only one session intervention.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The specific interventions (e.g., the amount of time each foot received foot reflexology massage) for the experimental and control groups in each study are shown in Table S3 . Seven studies assessed pain using the VAS 20 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 33 , 35 , 38 , one studies used the Pain Rating Index (PRI) 32 , and one study used the NRS 24 . Four studies used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to assess anxiety 20 , 25 , 32 , 34 , two studies used the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) 36 , 37 , and the other study used the Visual Analogue Scale-Anxiety (VAS-A) 21 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Four studies used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to assess anxiety 20 , 25 , 32 , 34 , two studies used the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) 36 , 37 , and the other study used the Visual Analogue Scale-Anxiety (VAS-A) 21 . Two studies assessed the birth satisfaction of maternal using the Birth Satisfaction Scale (BSS) 20 , 33 . The interventionists in each of the above studies were either experienced or had formal training.…”
To explore the effects of foot reflexology massage on anxiety, pain, duration of labor, labor satisfaction, blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate in pregnant women. We systematically searched eight databases for randomized controlled studies on the effects of foot reflexology massage on pregnant women. The inclusion criteria were as follow: participants were pregnant woman; the intervention is foot reflexology or foot massage; the control intervention is placebo, usual care, or no intervention; outcome indicators included pain, anxiety, birth satisfaction, duration of labor, blood pressure, pulse, and respiration; and study type was randomized controlled study. Studies that did not meet the above requirements were excluded. We assessed the quality of the included studies using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale, the risk of bias using the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool, and the level of evidence for the outcomes using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation. We used Review Manager 5.3 for data analysis and generated funnel plots to assess publication bias. In addition, sensitivity analysis was used to test the stability of the results. A total of 13 randomized controlled studies with 1189 participants were included in this study. Compared to the control group, foot reflexology massage reduced anxiety and pain in pregnant women, shortened the three stages of labor, and increased birth satisfaction. In addition, it also reduced the pulse rate and respiratory rate of pregnant women, but not for blood pressure. Foot reflexology massage can significantly reduce anxiety and pain, shorten the duration of labor, increase birth satisfaction, and stabilize vital signs in pregnant women. It is a safe and non-invasive form of complementary therapy.PROSPERO registered number: CRD42022359641. URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=359641.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
