“…To develop writing skills in the classroom, it is essential to design writing objectives and select various teaching strategies that incorporate different instructional techniques (Ouahidi, 2020; Rasikin, 2021; Sajjad et al, 2021). Studies on writing abilities have demonstrated their importance in effectively developing students’ competence, including collaborative writing, model writing, guided-writing, and narrative writing (Graham, 2019; Rasikin, 2021; Teo et al, 2023). However, traditional teaching instruction focuses on explanation rather than having students follow steps one at a time, thus preventing students from achieving the desired outcomes (Klimova, 2014; Rasikin, 2021).…”