The effect of halide ion concentration on capacitor performance

Menzel, Jakub; Fic, Krzysztof; Meller, Mikołaj; Frąckowiak, Elżbieta

doi:10.1007/s10800-013-0657-8

Cited by 43 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Initially, the iodide/iodine and bromide/bromine redox couples present in the electrolyte have been introduced as a source of enormous capacitance [81][82][83][84][85] . Redox-active electrolyte concept has been widely developed and several other species have been proposed to date: hydroquinone (HQ) with isomers [86][87][88][89] , methylene blue (MB) 90 , indigo carmine (IC) 89 , p-phenylenediamine (PPD) 91 , mphenylenediamine [92][93] , lignosulfonates 94 , sulfonated polyaniline (SPANI) 95 and humic acids 96 .…”

Section: Basic Principles Of Electrochemical Capacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercapacitors (electrochemical capacitors)

Conder

Fic

Ghimbeu

2019

Char and Carbon Materials Derived From Biomass

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Section: Basic Principles Of Electrochemical Capacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercapacitors (electrochemical capacitors)

Conder

Fic

Ghimbeu

2019

Char and Carbon Materials Derived From Biomass

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“…Scientists all around the world are faced with a great challenge of obtaining a system with high capacitance resulting in the higher energy of supercapacitors. The increase in capacitance can be reached by additional quick faradaic reactions, commonly known as pseudocapacitive effects [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. In this case, pseudocapacitive effect and doublelayer capacitance both form the total capacitance of an electrochemical capacitor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of activated carbon modified by ozone treatment for energy storage

Lota

Krawczyk

Lota

et al. 2016

J Solid State Electrochem

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Activated carbon modified by ozone treatment was examined. The process was carried out in a glass reactor under a continuous flow of ozone through a bed of activated carbon for 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min. The modified and unmodified carbon materials were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermogravimetric analysis was used to estimate the presence of oxygen groups in the carbon structure. The surface area and pore size distribution were examined by nitrogen adsorption method at 77 K. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to estimate the functional groups of modified activated carbon. The carbon content was estimated using the elemental analysis. The process of ozonation increases oxygen functionalities, thus the activated carbon was tested as electrodes for an electrochemical capacitor. The performance of an electrochemical capacitor was estimated by selected alternating (AC) and direct current (DC) methods in 1 M H 2 SO 4 , 1 M Na 2 SO 4 , and 6 M KOH electrolytes.

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“…To date, redox active electrolytes are based on iodide/iodine, bromide/bromine or hydroquinone/quinone redox couples. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] A variety of halide oxidation states allows reaching a remarkable contribution of pseudocapacitance; however, only iodide-and bromide-based electrolytic solutions seem to be promising for supercapacitor application. Fluorine and chlorine have too high formal oxidation potentials (i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Redox Phenomena for Enhanced Aqueous Supercapacitors

Fic

Meller

Frąckowiak

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The paper reports on electrochemical characterization of several supercapacitors operating in aqueous electrolytes and discusses a strategy for enhancing their performance. Various electrolytes such as alkaline (6 mol L −1 KOH), acidic (1 mol L −1 H 2 SO 4 ) and neutral (1 mol L −1 KI and 1 mol L −1 Na 2 S 2 O 3 ) were investigated in terms of electrochemical stability and redox activity. A new concept of capacitor with two electrodes operating in different electrolytes is demonstrated. The positive electrode worked in KI solution whereas KOH solution served as an electrolytic medium for the negative electrode. As a result, improved capacitance values and energy density for a capacitor with a combined electrolyte have been obtained because of the beneficial redox phenomena on both electrodes. Electrochemistry with its fundamental and applied branches gives an excellent feedback for a dramatic increase of energy demand and offers several solutions for various energy conversion and storage systems. At the interface between electrode and electrolyte, several mechanisms of energy conversion and storage might be exploited in batteries, fuel cells and electrochemical capacitors. Electrochemical capacitors (quite often named as supercapacitors, ultracapacitors, etc.) are excellent devices for power demand but they suffer from moderate energy density.1-3 This feature greatly distinguishes them from batteries which store energy in a faradaic manner and provide high energy but moderate power. Therefore, their application and final target is different. Moreover, one should conclude that the competition between supercapacitors and batteries is pointless and it is more reasonable to consider them rather as complementary to each other. 4 On the other hand, a remarkable interest of scientific community is observed in the development of novel materials based on transition metal oxides and conducting polymers providing good capacitive behavior but involving slow faradaic processes in order to enhance the energy performance and introducing pseudocapacitance. 5-11Another trend in recent research in supercapacitor development is to exploit redox processes originating from electrolyte solution. Contrary to redox active electrode materials, such a concept offers fast charge transfer reactions on the electrode surface, limited either by diffusion of a redox specimen from the electrolyte bulk to the interface or specific adsorption of ions within the pores of the electrode. To date, redox active electrolytes are based on iodide/iodine, bromide/bromine or hydroquinone/quinone redox couples.12-19 A variety of halide oxidation states allows reaching a remarkable contribution of pseudocapacitance; however, only iodide-and bromide-based electrolytic solutions seem to be promising for supercapacitor application. Fluorine and chlorine have too high formal oxidation potentials (i.e. above oxygen evolution potential) to be successfully and reversibly reached in aqueous solutions. Additionally, the reversibility of the redox reaction strongly de...

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The effect of halide ion concentration on capacitor performance

Cited by 43 publications

References 14 publications

Supercapacitors (electrochemical capacitors)

Supercapacitors (electrochemical capacitors)

The application of activated carbon modified by ozone treatment for energy storage

Interfacial Redox Phenomena for Enhanced Aqueous Supercapacitors

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