The Effect of Handhold Orientation, Size, and Wearing Gloves on Hand-Handhold Breakaway Strength

Young, Justin G.; Woolley, Charles; Ashton‐Miller, James A.; Armstrong, Thomas J.

doi:10.1177/0018720811433585

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The similarity in results for handle size and adult (Young et al, 2012) and child breakaway strength is interesting because of the large difference in grip strength and hand size between children and adults. Since the size of the hand determines the posture of the hand on the handhold, we would expect that optimal handhold diameter would be smaller for younger children than older children or adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Therefore, approximately half the very young children and half the females may be at greater risk of playground falls due to loss of hand/ handhold coupling. Breakaway/bodyweight ratio is similar for children and adults in males, but greater for female children than female adults (Young et al, 2012). The breakaway/grip strength ratio results can be interpreted as estimates of a "safety factor" formed by considering the ratio of demand over capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Two custom apparatus, adapted from previously approved apparatus for testing breakaway strength in adults (Young et al, 2009(Young et al, , 2012, were built to simulate children hanging onto a playground monkey bar ( Figure 1). An instrumented handle unit was suspended above participants by a cable-pulley system fixed to a rigid, aluminum structure.…”

Section: Breakaway Force Measurement Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maximum Hand-Rung Coupling Forces in Children

Ehrlich¹,

Young

Ulin³

et al. 2012

Hum Factors

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Breakaway Force Measurement Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maximum Hand-Rung Coupling Forces in Children

Ehrlich¹,

Young

Ulin³

et al. 2012

Hum Factors

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…However, the difference in breakaway strength between males and female children is much smaller than for adults (Young et al 2012). This difference is likely due to disproportionate strength changes during puberty and adolescence between genders (Ferriera et al, 2011;Wind et al, 2010;Hagar-Ross & Rosblad 2002;Rauch et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Gender and Hand Dominance on Children’s Capacity to Hang onto an Overhead Rung with One Hand

Young

Ehrlich

Ulin

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Falls from playground equipment are a major cause of childhood injury and death. The purpose of this experiment was to quantify children's maximum capacity to hang onto a rung and to determine how this strength varies for factors such as hand dominance and gender. Breakaway strength (a measure of the maximum capacity to hang onto a handhold) was measured for 130 children ages 5-11 on a 38.1mm diameter horizontal cylinder. Breakaway strength was significantly affected by hand dominance (p=0.022) and gender (p=0.015), with breakaway strength being greater for males and the dominant hand. Significant covariate predictors for breakaway strength included hand length and the interaction between gender and grip strength. Breakaway strength increased with grip strength and age, and more so for males than females. Breakaway strength normalized by bodyweight shows that female participants on average and young children (age 5) of both sexes could not support their bodyweight with one hand. The results suggest that playground handholds similar to the handhold tested here may not be suitable for all children.

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“…These negative effects will be unknown for the hand with long metacarpal shafts: this fact enables the "automatic" flexion of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints on the pole of the paddle, with the benefit of detention of the forearm flexor muscles, which will thus be able to contribute to the upper limb function to realize the traction in the water. Moreover, another important factor for the traction phase might be given by the surface friction of the paddle, which seems to be very important for the breakaway strength of the hand grip [34]. (b) Push phase: An inadequate length of the metacarpal shaft, leads to an aberrant prehensility pattern of the push phase of the paddling skill: the plane of the metacarpal portion of the hand will not be in register with the carpal and forearm axis ( Figure 6).…”

Section: The Prehensility Of the Paddlementioning

confidence: 99%

Ergonomics of Prehensility in Pushing and Pulling Motions: An Anatomical and Biomechanical Overview

Szychlinska

Dullaert

Beumer

et al. 2017

JFMK

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Abstract:The hand represents one of the most remarkable expressions of humanization of the anterior limb. The anterior limb, at first ambulatory, underwent continuous evolution acquiring innumerable new functions. In the course of human evolution the hand has undergone continual structural and functional adaptations, characterized, among others, by enrichment of peripheral innervation and further development of the thumb. This development was accompanied by important changes in the brain and the relocation of the eyes, together allowing the muscle control and stereoscopic vision, necessary for a controlled grip. The anatomy of the hand is complex, intricate, and fascinating. Its integrity is absolutely essential for our everyday functional living. It is intimately correlated with the brain, both in the evolution of the species and in the development of the individual. Actually, we can state that we "think" and "feel" with our hands, hence, their contribution is essential to the mental processes of thought and feeling. The aim of this review is to evaluate the most typical hand quality, the prehensility and hence, the possibility of manoeuvring tools. Our attention is mainly focused on the hand anatomy and prehensility during pushing and pulling motions. In particular, our attention is directed toward the relationship existing between the hand prehensility and the volume of the object to be gripped. As an example, we use a grip of the paddle and, pushing and pulling motions during kayak paddling. Indeed, we are firmly convinced that the prehensility plays a crucial role not only in performing the stylistically correct paddling, but especially in realizing a more effective and powerful paddle stroke. This review highlights a great link existing between biomechanical and anatomical notions and sporting performance.

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The Effect of Handhold Orientation, Size, and Wearing Gloves on Hand-Handhold Breakaway Strength

Abstract: These insights can be used to design handholds that increase the ability to support one's body weight and reduce the effort needed to pull or lift heavy items.

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

Maximum Hand-Rung Coupling Forces in Children

Maximum Hand-Rung Coupling Forces in Children

Effects of Gender and Hand Dominance on Children’s Capacity to Hang onto an Overhead Rung with One Hand

Ergonomics of Prehensility in Pushing and Pulling Motions: An Anatomical and Biomechanical Overview

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