The effect of handling on photosynthesis, transpiration, respiration, and nitrogen and carbohydrate content of populations of Lolium perenne

Kraus, Edwin; Kollöffel, C.; Lambers, Hans

doi:10.1034/j.1399-3054.1994.910412.x

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Another explanation of this phenomenon might be differences in carbohydrate storage capacity among the species. However, there is no evidence of a larger storage capacity in Festuca than in faster-growing species such as Holcus or Lolium (Atkinson & Farrar, 1983 ;Steen & Larsson, 1986 ;Kraus et al, 1994). Moreover, at the beginning of winter in the mixed treatments the total biomass of the faster-growing species was much greater, suggesting that their absolute storage capacity is greater, which would lead to superior regrowth in spring.…”

Section: Analysing Interspecific Competitionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Competition under high and low nutrient levels among three grassland species occupying different positions in a successional sequence

Schippers¹,

Snoeijing²,

Kropff³

1999

New Phytologist

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To clarify the role of seasonal change, competitive response and nutrient availability in the competitive asymmetry of grassland species a competition experiment was conducted on Holcus lanatus, Anthoxanthum odoratum and Festuca ovina, which represent a successional sequence of decreasing nutrient availability. Seven harvests were taken over two growing seasons. At each harvest the dry weight of plant parts, dead leaves, leaf area and plant height were measured. Three key traits that determine the successional status of the species were studied : specific leaf area, specific shoot height, and dead leaf fraction. The response of these traits to competition appeared to be limited and insufficient to change the competitive relations in the experiment. However, all three traits showed marked seasonal changes which resulted in superior growth and survival in winter of the species adapted to nutrient-poor environments. The findings support the theory that competitive asymmetry increases at higher nutrient levels. It is postulated that the directionality of light makes it possible for the dominant species to monopolize this resource more easily than nutrients.

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Section: Analysing Interspecific Competitionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Competition under high and low nutrient levels among three grassland species occupying different positions in a successional sequence

Schippers¹,

Snoeijing²,

Kropff³

1999

New Phytologist

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“…Other biochemical changes that can occur in response to MS in some plants include alterations in amino acid pro®les (A.I. Ramputh, personal communication), protein and carbohydrate contents (Kraus et al 1994), callose deposition and ethylene evolution (Jae et al 1985), all of which may contribute to the increased resistance seen in MS plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Wind-induced mechanical stimulation increases pest resistance in common bean

Cipollini

1997

Oecologia

103

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The activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants by environmental stimuli is one of the most universal biochemical stress responses known. Induction of enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase and the accumulation of such phenolics as lignin can occur in response to insect and pathogen attack, exposure to oxidizing pollutants, and mechanical stimulation, and are thought to function in the resistance of plants to damage by these stresses. I investigated whether induction of components of this generalized stress response by wind-induced mechanical stimulation could influence the resistance to pests of common bean. In greenhouse studies, exposure of 7- to 10-day-old bean seedlings to daily periods of fan-produced wind led to increased activities of peroxidase and cinnamyl alcohol-dehydrogenase and enhanced the accumulation of lignin in primary leaves of these plants. Egg production and population growth of two-spotted spider mites were reduced when offered leaves of mechanically-stimulated plants in leaf-disk and whole-plant bioassays. Infection by anthracnose after inoculation in a detached-leaf bioassay was also reduced in leaves of mechanically-stimulated plants. The consistent positive association between the enhanced activity of the lignin branch of the phenylpropanoid pathway and enhanced resistance to pests found in leaves of mechanically-stimulated plants illustrates one way in which exposure of plants to environmental stimuli that activate a generalized stress response (e.g., wind) can influence the interactions of those plants with other environmental stimuli (e.g., pests).

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“…A likely pathway for plant visitation effects involves touch-activated plant responses that might influence rates of herbivory. These responses range from thigmomorphogenic changes in architecture and leaf toughness (Biddington 1986, Braam and Davis 1990, Jaffe and Forbes 1993 to changes in physiology (Biddington 1986, Jaffe and Forbes 1993, Kraus et al 1994) and gene expression (Braam and Davis 1990, Mizoguchi et al 1996, Mauch et al 1997. Responses induced by touch have been shown to vary in magnitude and direction depending on the plant species involved (Biddington 1986, Jaffe andForbes 1993), and thus may potentially alter relative rates of attack.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Herbivory Uncertainty Principle: Visiting Plants Can Alter Herbivory

Cahill

Castelli

Casper

2001

Ecology

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In 1927, Werner Heisenberg proposed that there are fundamental limitations to the study of subatomic particles, as the act of measuring them affects their behavior. Here we show that experimenter‐induced uncertainty also applies in plant ecology, with potentially dramatic consequences for field biologists. We tested whether the simple act of visiting marked plants once per week for eight weeks influenced the intensity of herbivory experienced by six plant species in an old field community. Half of the plants were touched once per week to simulate taking morphological measures, while the other half were left undisturbed (neither visited nor touched). After eight weeks, visitation resulted in (1) decreased leaf damage by insects on one species, (2) increased leaf damage on a second species, (3) a marginally significant increase in survival for a third species, and (4) no effect on the remaining three species. These results serve as an important reminder that seemingly benign experimental methods may themselves dramatically affect the performance of experimental subjects. Our results raise concern about studies that use repeated visitation of focal plants either to compare rates of herbivory among species or to investigate some factor that can either directly or indirectly be influenced by the rate of herbivory (e.g., seed production, competition, etc.). Since the six species in our study responded differently to visitation, visitation effects must be accounted for in the design of future field experiments.

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The effect of handling on photosynthesis, transpiration, respiration, and nitrogen and carbohydrate content of populations of Lolium perenne

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Competition under high and low nutrient levels among three grassland species occupying different positions in a successional sequence

Competition under high and low nutrient levels among three grassland species occupying different positions in a successional sequence

Wind-induced mechanical stimulation increases pest resistance in common bean

The Herbivory Uncertainty Principle: Visiting Plants Can Alter Herbivory

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