The Effect of Heavy Metals (Copper and Cadmium) on the Germination of Bell Pepper Seeds (Capsicum annuumL. var. Dariana Bac)

Abstract

Bell pepper seeds (Capsicum annum L. var Dariana Bac), variety patented by Vegetable Research and Development Station Bacau, were germinated on filter paper (Whatman No. 1) moistened with a range of solutions in different concentrations of Copper (20, 100, 250 �i 500 mg/kg soil) and Cadmium (1, 3, 5, 10 mg/kg soil). The solutions used are standard solutions of Cu and Cd (1 mg/mL in 5% HNO3). After 9 days the following indices were calculated: final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) and germination rate index (GRI). The variety of bell pepper Dariana Bac responded differently to different concentrations of the studied heavy metals, having an average germination percentage of 76.5 % on variants treated with standard Cd solution and an average germination percentage of only 29.4% on variants tested with Cu standard solution. Also, a decrease in the germination rate was observed with the increase of the concentration of Cu.

Utilization of Ozone and Composite Materials in the Seed Treatment to Stimulate the Germination and Growth of Agricultural Crops

“…An important tool for indicating the performance of a seed batch is the precise quantification of germination by accurate analysis of the cumulated germination data. These indices make it possible to assess the potential protective function of a developing plant organism [38][39][40][41].…”

“…The germination parameters were determined in the following way [38][39][40][41]: -germination capacity (FGP), were FGP represents the total number of seeds that germinated at the end of the investigation in relation to the initial seed number x 100.…”

Selenium Seed Priming and Biostimulation Influence the Seed Germination and Seedling Morphology of Jalapeño (Capsicum annuum L.)

“…On the other hand, fertilizer salts also have been applied to crops in the germination media, that is, by moistening the filter paper with treatment solutions [33][34][35][36]. In relation to Se solutions applied to the germination media of pepper seed, Leon-Morales et al [37] moistened filter paper containing pepper seeds with 8 mL of Na 2 SeO 3 and Na 2 SeO 4 solutions ranging from 1.25 to 5 µM and distilled water for the control, and Hassan et al [38] added Se between 10 and 50 mg L −1 in the soil per potted pepper plant.…”

Influence of Fertilizers on Soils Used for Oleaginous Crop

“…According to the data presented in the Code of good agricultural practices, 36.5 kg of nitrogen, 17.5 kg of phosphorus and 50 kg of potassium, active substances are required to produce a ton of oleaginous crop seeds and strains [3,4,24,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”