The effect of hormone therapy on serum melatonin concentrations in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Abstract

Administration of HT to postmenopausal women alters melatonin peak time, but not melatonin levels. Further research on larger clinical samples is needed to better understand the effects of HT on melatonin profile.

Measuring serum melatonin in postmenopausal women: Implications for epidemiologic studies and breast cancer studies

“…We did not see clear associations between menopausal type or duration of HT use and morning melatonin levels. This is consistent with a recent clinical trial, which showed that although HT use delayed the peak time of nocturnal melatonin secretion similar to the pattern seen with exposure to light at night, HT had no effect on serum melatonin levels [ 15 ]. In our study, women with surgical menopausal had higher melatonin levels than women with a natural menopause, despite being of similar age and having blood drawn at similar times.…”

Association of hormone therapy and changes of objective sleep quality in women of late menopausal transition with sleep disorder: a preliminary study

“…Estrogen, which is regarded to advance circadian rhythms and shorten circadian periods, 46 improves sleep quality by decreasing hot flushes and nighttime awakenings, 43 whereas progesterone, which may delay the phase of circadian rhythms, 46 improves sleep quality by reducing wakefulness without disturbing daytime function 43 . A double-blinded randomized study showed improvement in wakefulness as subjective sleep quality of postmenopausal women in both the estrogen-progesterone combination group and estrogen-only group after 2 months of treatment, and the subsequent open-label phase showed further improvement of wakefulness only in the estrogen-progesterone combination group.…”

The impact of postmenopause on sleep and sleep disorders: The current state of the art

“…A challenge for periodic limb movement disorder (Baker et al, 2018) is that it can be an exclusion criterion in patient selection in studies on menopause and sleep problems because it is a specific disorder and therefore remains a factor which, although it is part of menopause symptoms, is sometimes not quantified and discussed (Toffol et al, 2014). Despite this challenge, it is of the utmost importance to identify patients' morbidities and comorbidities, analyzing the interaction of these factors and assessing their impact on their sleep (Caretto et al, 2019).…”