The Effect of Hydriding on the Physical Structure of Palladium and on the Release of Contained Tritium

A nanoscale mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement in metals

“…Accumulation of H near a crack tip is expected in materials where interstitial H has an excess volume [77][78][79][80]. The development of a "nanohydride" is not essential -what is essential is that sufficient H accumulates to create a material that resists dislocation nucleation at the crack tip.…”

Formation of β-PdD containing high deuterium concentration using electrolysis of heavy-water

“…4 as #5 (5). A slope change to a smaller value occurs when the average composition drops below about D/Pd=0.6 [31] because formation of α-PdD on the surface reduces the diffusion rate. Consequently, quantitative removal of deuterium can be a very slow process that, in some cases, requires use of higher temperatures.…”

“…Additional insight into the behavior of cracks is obtained from a study by Storms and Talcott [15] using tritium as a tracer for hydrogen. This work shows that hydrogen, which enters hydrogen-saturated β-PdH during electrolysis, leaves as H 2 gas with a residence time that depends on applied current.…”

What Conditions Are Required to Initiate the Lenr Effect?

“…Tritium generated in a P-F cell is mainly found in the electrolyte rather than in the gas. Studies have shown that tritium contained in palladium will be flushed out during electrolysis and into the gas [44]. Only tritium residing at the surface can enter the solution as tritium ions.…”