The effect of hydrodynamic conditions on true flotation and entrainment in flotation of a complex sulphide ore

Cilek, Emin Cafer

doi:10.1016/j.minpro.2008.10.002

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This was a consequence of an increase in water recovery. The increase in gangue recovery by entrainment is in agreement with observations made in other studies in the literature (Cilek, 2009;Akdemir and Sönmez, 2003). Table 3 shows that the degree of entrainment was significantly affected by the interaction between gas flowrate and froth height.…”

Section: Impeller Speedsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Recent studies have also demonstrated a change in the recovery of gangue minerals by entrainment with changes in the impeller speed (Cilek, 2009;Akdemir and Sönmez, 2003). Impeller speed can greatly change water recovery which in turn affects the gangue entrainment, but it is still not clear whether the degree of entrainment is affected by the impeller speed and its interaction with other variables.…”

Section: Entmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entrainment in froth flotation: The degree of entrainment and its contributing factors

2016

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In froth flotation, the degree of entrainment affects the concentrate grade and it is often assumed to be only a function of particle size in models. Literature suggests that other variables might also have a significant impact on the degree of entrainment. In this study, a factorial batch flotation experiment using a mixture of liberated chalcopyrite and two liberated gangue minerals, quartz and hematite, was performed to investigate the effects of these other variables (including impeller speed, gas flowrate, froth height and the specific gravity of gangue mineral) on the degree of entrainment. Results show that the degree of entrainment varied significantly as the flotation test conditions changed. Particle density and the interaction between gas flowrate and froth height had a statistically significant effect on the average degree of entrainment measured for the entire test. The degree of entrainment also significantly changed with flotation time throughout each experiment. It is hypothesised that these effects are a consequence of the degree of entrainment being affected by the weight of particles (not just their size) because of its effect on particle settling as well as the froth structure which provides varying resistance to particle drainage. It is concluded that models for the degree of entrainment that incorporate only particle size are not sufficient to predict gangue recovery and concentrate grade in an industrial application.

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Section: Impeller Speedsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Entmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrainment in froth flotation: The degree of entrainment and its contributing factors

2016

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“…This increase in gangue recovery by entrainment with impeller speed is in agreement with observations made in other studies in the literature (Cilek, 2009;Akdemir and Sönmez, 2003).…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

“…The amount of silica entrained at a given recovery rate of water increased with an increase in the pulp density from 17 to 42%. It has also been demonstrated in a number of other studies that there is an increase in the recovery of non-floatable gangue at the same water recovery with increased pulp density (Jowett, 1966;Warren, 1985;Cilek, 2009 …”

Section: Solids Percentage In the Pulpmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…For example, a system which has a double-finger impeller and a stator consisting of radially arranged and relatively high-position blades may reduce the Chapter 2 Literature review 26 recovery of gangue minerals by entrainment (Schubert, 1999). This is because such a system gives rise to high local energy dissipation rates and results in less turbulent pulp flow in the upper cell volume (Nguyen and Schulze, 2004;Cilek, 2009). …”

Section: Impeller Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entrainment of fine particles in froth flotation

Wang¹

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Entrainment has become a significant issue nowadays with fine grinding being used to liberate valuable minerals from low grade and complex ores to increase "true flotation". Entrainment results in large amounts of fine gangue materials reporting to flotation concentrates along with recovered valuable minerals and reduces the final product quality. In froth flotation, entrainment is the dominant recovery mechanism for fine gangue mineral particles, and it is influenced by a number of factors in both the pulp and froth phase, including particle properties (e.g. particle size and density) and flotation operational variables (e.g. gas flowrate, froth depth, impeller speed and reagent dosage).A number of models incorporating different factors have been developed to estimate entrainment recovery. Most of these models relate entrainment recovery to two parameters: the water recovery to concentrate, and the degree of entrainment, a classification factor to account for the degree of drainage of entrained particles with respect to the water in the pulp and froth phases of a flotation cell. However, there are still significant barriers to be overcome before they can be applied for routine estimation of entrainment in industrial applications. There is no consensus as to the variables which significantly affect the entrainment process and should therefore be included in the model as well as to the mechanisms involved.This thesis investigated the effect of flotation operational factors and particle properties on the entrainment parameters (i.e. degree of entrainment and water recovery) and the mechanisms underpinning the observed effects. The objective of the thesis was to develop a comprehensive understanding of the key operating conditions and particle attributes influencing the entrainment of gangue minerals in flotation, which should enable the development of a more sophisticated predictive entrainment model by more accurately predicting the degree of entrainment and water recovery.A two level factorial experimental program was adopted to investigate the effect of impeller speed, gas flowrate, froth height and specific gravity of gangue minerals on the degree of entrainment.Batch flotation experiments were performed in a 3.5 L conventional Agitair flotation cell using a feed which was a mixture of liberated chalcopyrite and one of two liberated gangue minerals, quartz and hematite. Results show that there was no direct correlation between the degree of entrainment and water recovery, indicating that the key drivers of water recovery were not the same as those that affected the degree of entrainment.ii The degree of entrainment was significantly influenced by particle size, particle density, frother and the interaction between gas flowrate and froth height. The mechanisms underpinning the effect of these significant influencing factors were investigated. Results suggest that the classification of gangue mineral particles mainly occurs at the pulp/froth interface region. Whether a particle moves upward into the frot...

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Influence of hydrodynamic variables on scaling up of mechanical flotation cells

et al. 2022

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Flotation performance is influenced by many hydrodynamic variables, such as impeller speed, airflow rate, and cell geometry. These variables’ effects and interactions remain unsatisfactorily explored, especially concerning scaling-up procedures. As an innovative approach, this study considered factorial-designed experiments to explore the effects of hydrodynamic factors (impeller tip speed and superficial gas velocity) on scaling up the Outotec GTK LabCell™ mechanical flotation machine cells, common equipment used as a benchmark for many industrial pre-feasibility studies. Therefore, the influence of hydrodynamic variables and their interactions on flotation performance was evaluated in two cells (2 L and 7.5 L). The evaluation was based on the flotation rate constant “k” calculated by first- and second-order equations. Analysis of the particle size distribution indicated that the performance of the two cells was different, as shown by the finer concentrate for the 2-L cell compared to the 7.5-L cell. The outcomes demonstrated that symmetrical design in the geometry of mechanical flotation cells would lead to an accurate scaling up based on the metallurgical responses. Otherwise, the scaling procedure could only be accurate under some specific conditions. As a criterion, the results showed that using k, the scaling-up process between these two GTK LabCell™ mechanical flotation machine cells (2 L and 7.5 L) would be possible only under a specific superficial gas velocity (0.14 cm/s) apart from the impeller tip speed (R2 = 1). These results could potentially be key for the future design and development of mechanical flotation cells.

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The effect of hydrodynamic conditions on true flotation and entrainment in flotation of a complex sulphide ore

Cited by 37 publications

References 17 publications

Entrainment in froth flotation: The degree of entrainment and its contributing factors

Entrainment in froth flotation: The degree of entrainment and its contributing factors

Entrainment of fine particles in froth flotation

Influence of hydrodynamic variables on scaling up of mechanical flotation cells

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