The effect of hydrogen bonding on the phase behaviour of ternary polymer blends

Zhang, Hongxi; Bhagwagar, Dorab E.; Graf, John; Painter, Paul C.; Coleman, Michael M.

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(05)80001-1

Cited by 64 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…In addition, the difference in interassociation equilibrium constant between BPA/PCL and BPA/PLLA blend systems also tends to induce phase separation. [45][46][47] Although the physical interaction (⌬ effect) is favored in the BPA/ PLLA blend (smaller solubility parameter difference), BPA interacts more favorably with PCL than it does with PLLA, which is defined as a ⌬K effect (chemical interaction). In general, the ⌬K effect is more dominant than the effect in a ternary blend system.…”

Section: Ftir Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of bisphenol A on the miscibility, phase morphology, and specific interaction in immiscible biodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(L‐lactide) blends

Kuo

Huang

Tung

et al. 2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:We have investigated the enhancement in miscibility, upon addition of bisphenol A (BPA) of immiscible binary biodegradable blends of poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(l-lactide) (PLLA). That BPA is miscible with both PCL and PLLA was proven by the single value of T g observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses over the entire range of compositions. At various compositions and temperatures, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that intermolecular hydrogen bonding existed between the hydroxyl group of BPA and the carbonyl groups of PCL and PLLA. The addition of BPA enhances the miscibility of the immiscible PCL/PLLA binary blend and transforms it into a miscible blend at room temperature when a sufficient quantity of the BPA is present. In addition, optical microscopy (OM) measurements of the phase morphologies of ternary BPA/PCL/ PLLA blends at different temperatures indicated an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) phase diagram, since the ⌬K effect became smaller at higher temperature (200°C) than at room temperature. An analysis of infrared spectra recorded at different temperatures correlated well with the OM analyses.

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Section: Ftir Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of bisphenol A on the miscibility, phase morphology, and specific interaction in immiscible biodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(L‐lactide) blends

Kuo

Huang

Tung

et al. 2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Equilibrium Constant Kc The phase behavior of ternary Am-Nylon/PMMA/ PVPh blends having strong specific interactions, was dominated by individual binary interaction parameters (Xij) and equilibrium constants (KJ 10 Calculation of Stoichiometric Equations 13 The formation of PVPh(B) hydroxyl-hydroxyl dimers and hydroxyl-hydroxyl "chain-like" multimers was confirmed by FT-IR method. 12 The formation of AmNylon(C) amide-amide dimers and amide-amide multimers has been cofirmed.…”

Section: Determination Of Pvph-am-nylon Inter-associationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Miscibility of Ternary Amorphous Nylon/Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Poly(4-vinylphenol) Blends

Hosokawa

Akiyama

1999

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:The misciblity of ternary blends consisting of amorphous nylon (Am-Nylon)lpoly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)Ipoly(4-vinylphenol) (PVPh) at 190°C was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),thermo-photometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the ternary blends, more than 70-90wt% PVPh was required to cause miscibility between Am-Nylon and PMMA, and the experimental ternary diagram indicating symmetrically miscible regions was obtained. FT-IR results showed this miscibility was attributed to intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. Using stoichiometric equations, the equilibrium constant (Kc = 3.2) describing hydrogen bonding between the OH group of PVPh and amide group of Am-Nylon was determined from quantitative FT-IR analysis. The miscible region was affected by individual equilibrium constants (K;), since individual binary interaction parameters (Xii) were significantly larger than the critical value of Xii· The miscibility of Am-NyloniPMMA blends was enhanced by adding 20wt% PVPh to binary immiscible polymer. Recently, due to the industrial importance of multicomponent blends, the miscibility and morphology of ternary blends have been investigated. 1 -7 By ternary blends one could obtain more polymer composites than binary blends, having high ability and faculty. However, it is clear that the complexity of calculating phase diagrams, problems of experimental accuracy and interpretation of results of ternary blends increase dramatically over that of analogous binary blends.The phase behavior of ternary polymer blends involving strong specific interactions (hydrogen bonding), has only been studied by Coleman, Pomposo, and others. 8 -11 A binary association model which was suggested by Coleman et al., and has been extended to ternary hydrogen bonding polymer mixtures. This model was based on the suggestion to separate favorite 'chemical' specific interactions from unfavorite 'physical' ones. 12 -1 7 The free energy of mixing !lG m of ternary systems can be expressed in eq 1 by adding free energy (!lG:,H) of mixing based on the Flory-Huggins theory (2) where

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“…Zhang et al 9 have reported an interesting review on the effect of hydrogen bonding on the phase behavior of ternary polymer blends. They mentioned in their article, "Is it possible to increase the region over which ternary blends are miscible by introducing specific interaction?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miscibility enhancement on the immiscible poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly (ethyl methacrylate) with poly (vinyl phenol)

Hsu

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The miscibility behavior of ternary blends of poly (vinyl phenol) (PVPh)/poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)/ poly (ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) was investigated mainly with calorimetry. PVPh is miscible with both PVP and PEMA on the basis of the single T g observed over the entire composition range. FTIR was used to study the hydrogen bonding interaction between the hydroxyl group of PVPh and the carbonyl group of PVP and PEMA at various compositions. Furthermore, the addition of PVPh is able to enhance the miscibility of the immiscible PVP/PEMA and eventually transforms it into a miscible blend, especially when the ratio between PVP/PEMA is 3:1, probably because of favorable physical interaction.

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The effect of hydrogen bonding on the phase behaviour of ternary polymer blends

Cited by 64 publications

References 70 publications

Effect of bisphenol A on the miscibility, phase morphology, and specific interaction in immiscible biodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(L‐lactide) blends

Effect of bisphenol A on the miscibility, phase morphology, and specific interaction in immiscible biodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(L‐lactide) blends

Miscibility of Ternary Amorphous Nylon/Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Poly(4-vinylphenol) Blends

Miscibility enhancement on the immiscible poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly (ethyl methacrylate) with poly (vinyl phenol)

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