The effect of hydrotropes on the solubility and mass transfer coefficient of 2-nitrobenzoic acid

Theneshkumar, S.; Gnanaprakash, D.; Nagendra-Gandhi, N.

doi:10.2478/v10026-009-0025-y

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Hydrotropic solutions don't really exhibit colloidal tendencies and suggest a weak interaction between the hydrotropes and the molecule of solute 37. Hydrotropes are generally water-soluble and surface-active compounds that can significantly improve the solubility of organic solvents such as esters, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons and fats [38][39][40][41] .…”

Section: Bcs Classification Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Mixed Hydrotropy: Solubility Enhancement Technique for Poorly Aqueous Soluble Drugs

Agnihotri¹,

Chauhan²

2020

Int. Res. J. Pharm.

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In case of oral administration, solubility is a key factor to demonstrate the pharmacological response in achieving the desired bioavailability of drugs. But most of the time, due to dissolution as the rate-limiting step intended for absorption of poorly aqueous soluble drugs (BCS Class-II and IV), it becomes challenging to formulate conventional dosage forms of such drugs. Different perspectives have been extensively inspected to improve the aqueous solubility and poor dissolution rate of BCS Class-II and Class-IV drugs such as micronisation, self-emulsification, pH-changing solubilization, salt formation, co-solvent, solid dispersion and hydrotropic use etc. This analysis summarizes the use of hydrotropy, which is one of the promising practice for boosting solubility in several folds by adding surplus quantity of Hydrophilic solute to improve the aqueous solubility of the primary solute without any chemical alteration of the drug compound e.g. Urea, Niacinamide , Sodium salicylate, Sodium Citrate, etc. It has several advantages like it does not need organic solvent or establishment of the emulsion system.

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Section: Bcs Classification Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Mixed Hydrotropy: Solubility Enhancement Technique for Poorly Aqueous Soluble Drugs

Agnihotri¹,

Chauhan²

2020

Int. Res. J. Pharm.

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“…The effectiveness of a hydrotrope’s dissolving capability is mainly dictated by the size of the hydrophobic part and only to a lesser extent by the presence of a charge on the hydrophilic part . Stacking of hydrotropes in water by π–π interactions or dipole–dipole interactions has been identified as the root cause of their solubilizing power. − How hydrotropic dissolution occurs is still unclear but may have to do with (i) the hydrotrope’s self-aggregation potential, , (ii) kosmotropic/chaotropic properties, , and (iii) the ability to form micelle-like structures. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Maize Starch Gelatinization and Dissolution at Low Temperature by the Hydrotrope Sodium Salicylate

et al. 2022

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Complete aqueous dissolution of starch requires the use of temperatures exceeding 100 °C. During and after cooling of the resultant aqueous solutions, starch polymers precipitate by aggregation and crystallization. Low-temperature gelatinization and dissolution of maize starch (MS) is induced, and the stability of the resultant solutions is enhanced when they contain the hydrotrope sodium salicylate (NaSal). Differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy evidence showed that MS gelatinization shifts to lower temperatures and that the associated enthalpy decreases with increasing NaSal concentrations. The enhanced gelatinization and dissolution are probably brought about by the association of NaSal with the more hydrophobic MS structural moieties. The minimum NaSal content of aqueous mixtures allowing full gelatinization of MS at room temperature, that is, about 11 wt %, was found to be independent of MS content (in the range 10–66.7 wt % MS).

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“…The effect of hydrotropes on the solubility and mass transfer coefficient for a series of organic acids and esters such as salicylic acid, 2-nitrobenzoic acid, butyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, amyl acetate, methyl salicylate, and benzyl acetate was studied in our earlier publications. – It has been observed that, in many two-phase reaction systems involving a sparingly soluble organic compound like stearic acid, the mass transfer coefficient was found to be very low solely due to the poor solubility of stearic acid in the aqueous phase. Since stearic acid serves as a raw material/intermediate for a wide variety of chemicals and allied products – and the separation of stearic acid from any liquid mixture seems to be difficult, this hydrotropic technique can be adapted to increase the solubility as well as to separate such mixtures effectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility and Mass Transfer Coefficient Enhancement of Stearic Acid through Hydrotropy

2010

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The effect of various hydrotropes such as sodium salicylate, sodium benzoate, and nicotinamide on the solubility and mass transfer coefficient of stearic acid was investigated under a wide range of hydrotrope concentrations, (0 to 3.0) mol • kg -1 , and different system temperatures, T ) (303 to 333) K. It was found that the solubility and mass transfer coefficient of stearic acid increase with the increase in hydrotrope concentration and also with system temperature. All hydrotropes used in this work showed an enhancement in the solubility and mass transfer coefficient to different degrees. The order of increase in the solubility and mass transfer coefficient of stearic acid with respect to different hydrotropes was found to be sodium salicylate > sodium benzoate > nicotinamide. The maximum enhancement factor value has been determined for both the solubility and the mass transfer coefficient. The effectiveness of hydrotropes was measured in terms of Setschnew constant K s and reported for all hydrotropes used in this study. In addition the solubility data are also fitted in a polynomial equation as a function of hydrotrope concentration. The solubility data fitted in a polynomial equation give a better fit since the variance is less than 0.6.

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The effect of hydrotropes on the solubility and mass transfer coefficient of 2-nitrobenzoic acid

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

A Review on Mixed Hydrotropy: Solubility Enhancement Technique for Poorly Aqueous Soluble Drugs

A Review on Mixed Hydrotropy: Solubility Enhancement Technique for Poorly Aqueous Soluble Drugs

Induction of Maize Starch Gelatinization and Dissolution at Low Temperature by the Hydrotrope Sodium Salicylate

Solubility and Mass Transfer Coefficient Enhancement of Stearic Acid through Hydrotropy

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