The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Abstract

Background: Adipose-derived stem cells are considered as candidate cells for regenerative plastic surgery. Measures to influence cellular properties and thereby direct their regenerative potential remain elusive. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy—the exposure to 100% oxygen at an increased atmospheric pressure—has been propagated as a noninvasive treatment for a multitude of indications and presents a potential option to condition cells for tissue-engineering purposes. The present study evaluates the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on human adipose-derived stem cells. Methods: Human adipose-derived stem cells from healthy donors were treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy at 2 and 3 atm. Viability before and after each hyperbaric oxygen therapy, proliferation, expression of surface markers and protein contents of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, tumor necrosis factor-α, hepatocyte growth factor, and epithelial growth factor in the supernatants of treated adipose-derived stem cells were measured. Lastly, adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation with and without use of differentiation-inducing media (i.e., autodifferentiation) was examined. Results: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy with 3 atm increased viability, proliferation, and CD34 expression and reduced the CD31−/CD34+/CD45− adipose-derived stem cell subset and endothelial progenitor cell population. TGF-β levels were significantly decreased after two hyperbaric oxygen therapy sessions in the 2-atm group and decreased after three hyperbaric oxygen therapy sessions in the 3-atm group. Hepatocyte growth factor secretion remained unaltered in all groups. Although the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation were not influenced, adipogenic differentiation and autodifferentiation were significantly enhanced, with osteogenic autodifferentiation significantly alleviated by hyperbaric oxygen therapy with 3 atm. Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy with 3 atm increases viability and proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells, alters marker expression and subpopulations, decreases TGF-β secretion, and skews adipose-derived stem cells toward adipogenic differentiation. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, V.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for healthy aging: From mechanisms to therapeutics

“…In vivo , HBOT has been reported to stimulate proliferation of neural stem cell [ 114 , 115 ] and intestinal stem cell [ 116 ], growth and differentiation of vasculogenic stem cell [ 117 ], and activation of colonic stem cells [ 118 ]. In vitro , HBOT can promote proliferation and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells [ 119 ], as well as osteogenic and vasculogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [ 120 , 121 ]. The secretion profile of proteins is also modulated by HBOT in MSCs, with some upregulated proteins being neuroprotective and others involved in cellular mechanisms against oxidative stress [ 122 ].…”

The Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Under Hypoxia

“…Characterization of ASCs was done according to the recognized criteria of the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) and for Adipose Therapeutics and Science (IFATS) which include plastic adherence in culture, trilinear differentiation (adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic) and marker expression ( Dominici et al, 2006 ; Bourin et al, 2013 ). Upon incubation with respective differentiation media, adipogenic differentiation was confirmed by oil red O staining (Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, St Louis, MO, United States), chondrogenic differentiation by Alcian-PAS blue (Merck Millipore, Burlington, VT, United States) and osteogenic differentiation by Alizarin red staining (Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, St Louis, MO, United States) according to well-established protocols ( Yoshinoya et al, 2020 ). By flow cytometry, following surface markers were determined on a LSR II cytometer (BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA, United States) according to earlier protocols ( Pallua et al, 2018 ): CD31-eFluor450, CD34-FITC, CD45-PerCP-Cy5.5, CD73-PE-Cy7, CD90-PE, and CD105-APC.…”

“…By flow cytometry, following surface markers were determined on a LSR II cytometer (BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA, United States) according to earlier protocols ( Pallua et al, 2018 ): CD31-eFluor450, CD34-FITC, CD45-PerCP-Cy5.5, CD73-PE-Cy7, CD90-PE, and CD105-APC. ASCs were negative for the hematopoietic marker CD45- and the endothelial marker CD31- but positive for the MSC markers CD34, CD73, CD90, and CD105 ( Bourin et al, 2013 ; Yoshinoya et al, 2020 ).…”

“… Adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) characterization for osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. The trilinear differentiation of isolated ASCs was measured in vitro be exposing ASCs to osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation media as reported earlier ( Yoshinoya et al, 2020 ). Osteogenic differentiation was determined by Alizarin red staining (top), chondrogenic differentiation by Alcian blue staining (middle) and adipogenic differentiation by oil red O staining (bottom).…”

The History of Carbon Monoxide Intoxication

“…In the 19th century, HBO chambers were used for the therapy of diseases such as tuberculosis, anemia and cholera [ 31 ]. Today, HBO chambers are also very promising in experimental settings, such as, e.g., conditioning cells for tissue engineering [ 32 ]. However, in the late 19th century, the first application of an HBO chamber was used in connection with CO intoxication.…”