The effect of hyperthermia and localized heating of the anterior hypothalamus on the sympatho‐adrenal system of the ox (<i>Bos taurus</i>)

Robertshaw, David; Whittow, G. C.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1966.sp008094

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The mean values of NE and E in Experiment 1 were comparable in magnitude to those reported in chronically catheterized, unrestrained, conscious young pigs (Ingram et al, 1980) and hens (Liou et al, 1984) but were 10 to 40 fold lower than other studies in which animals were handled or anesthetized (Symbas et al, 1964;Robertshaw and Whittow, 1966;Fiorica et al, 1967;Lin and Sturkie, 1968;Edens and Siegel, 1975;Jeronen et al, 1976). Each of the methods used to obtain blood in these latter studies can influence plasma catecholamine profile .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Increased plasma catecholamines were also observed in the ox (Robertshaw and Whittow, 1966) and young pig (Ingram et al, 1980) but only after rectal temperature had increased by nearly 2C. Turnover of brain and heart tissue NE was slower in chronically stressed pigeons as opposed to birds exposed to acute heat stress (Braganza and Wilson, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Alpha Adrenergic Regulation of Celiac Blood Flow and Plasma Catecholamine Response During Acute Heat Stress in Fed Cockerels

Bottje

Harrison

1986

Poultry Science

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Hubbard cockerels with chronically implanted electromagnetic blood flow probes on the celiac artery were used to establish a relationship between changes in postprandial celiac mean blood flow (MBF) and plasma catecholamines during a acute heat exposure. Five min after the elevation of ambient temperature from 25 to 37 C, there were concomitant reductions (P less than .05) in celiac MBF, norepinephrine (NE), and heart rate (HR). After 50 min of heat stress, rectal temperature (Tr), respiratory rate (RR), plasma epinephrine (E), and celiac vascular resistance (CVR) were significantly greater (P less than .05) than preheat stress thermoneutral control values. During the thermoneutral recovery period, all parameters returned to values comparable to preheat exposure control with the exception of NE, which tended (P less than .1) to remain lower. To determine the role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulating postprandial celiac MBF during acute heat exposure, chronically instrumented cockerels were infused with phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-adrenergic receptor-blocking agent. Alpha-receptor blockade attenuated both postprandial intestinal hyperemia under thermoneutral conditions as well as the heat-induced reduction of postprandial celiac MBF. The results of these studies implicate the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of postprandial celiac MBF in heat-stressed cockerels and indicate a possible alpha-adrenergic-mediated mechanism involved in postprandial intestinal hyperemia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Alpha Adrenergic Regulation of Celiac Blood Flow and Plasma Catecholamine Response During Acute Heat Stress in Fed Cockerels

Bottje

Harrison

1986

Poultry Science

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“…Adreno-medullary denervation reduces adreno-medullary secretion to very low levels (Vogt, 1952) so that the presence of adrenaline in the peripheral circulation (Robertshaw & Whittow, 1966) and urine (Andersson, Ekman, Hokfelt, Jobin, Olsson & Robertshaw, 1967) is not detectable. Since the animals which had undergone adreno-medullary denervation 86 EQUINE SWEATING were able to sweat from fully innervated, but not from sympathetically decentralized skin (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweat gland function of the donkey (Equus asinus)

Robertshaw¹,

Taylor²

1969

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Donkeys sweat on exposure to heat and in response to intravenous adrenaline infusion.2. Thermal sweating was abolished by the adrenergic-neurone blocking agent bethanidine but not by atropine.3. Sympathetic decentralization (by preganglionic sympathectomy) abolished thermal sweating but adreno-medullary denervation had no effect.4. Exercise resulted in sweating from both sympathetically innervated and decentralized skin and from the innervated skin of animals which had previously undergone adreno-medullary denervation.5. Insulin-induced hypoglyeaemia resulted in sweating from sympathetically decentralized skin and from innervated skin in two out of four animals. Adreno-medullary denervation abolished the sweat gland response to insulin administration.6. Cold exposure inhibited the response of innervated sweat glands but not that of decentralized glands to adrenaline infusion.7. It was concluded that heat-induced and exercise-induced sweating of the donkey is controlled by adrenergic nerves; adreno-medullary secretion may contribute to sweating during exercise, and that cutaneous blood flow is important in the response of the glands to humoral stimulation.

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“…Exposure to heat significantly raised rat body temperature to over 40°C. There is evidence that heating increases the body temperature in rats [15], pigs [13], oxen [14] and humans [27]. Sriramachari [28] considered elevation of body temperature over 40°C to be a severe hyperpyrexia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentrations of A in the heat were significantly higher at 60 and 90 min, when compared to the thermoneutral condition, but only exercise in the heat induced significantly higher levels of plasma NA [12]. After exposure to the heat stressor, the plasma concentrations of catecholamines were increased in pigs [13], oxen [14] and rats [15]. Very little is known about possible tissue damage caused by high environmental temperature, especially after a short exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of acute heat stress on rat adrenal medulla — a morphological and ultrastructural study

Petrovic-Kosanovic¹,

Milošević²,

Budeč

et al. 2012

Open Life Sciences

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Isolated rat adrenal medulla was analyzed by light and electron microscope after an acute (60 min) exposure to high ambient temperature (38°C). Under these conditions there was a significant rise in plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline. Stereological investigation by light microscopy showed a significant decrease in volume density of cells and an increase in the interstitium. At the ultrastructural level, the profile area of cells, nuclei and cytoplasm of adrenaline cells were significantly decreased. After the heat stress numbers of resting granules in adre naline and noradrenaline cells were significantly reduced, while the numbers of altered granules and empty containers in both types of adrenomedullar cells were significantly increased.

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The effect of hyperthermia and localized heating of the anterior hypothalamus on the sympatho‐adrenal system of the ox (Bos taurus)

Cited by 30 publications

References 20 publications

Alpha Adrenergic Regulation of Celiac Blood Flow and Plasma Catecholamine Response During Acute Heat Stress in Fed Cockerels

Alpha Adrenergic Regulation of Celiac Blood Flow and Plasma Catecholamine Response During Acute Heat Stress in Fed Cockerels

Sweat gland function of the donkey (Equus asinus)

Effect of acute heat stress on rat adrenal medulla — a morphological and ultrastructural study

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