The Effect of Hypothyroidism on Color Contrast Sensitivity: A Prospective Study

Çakır, Mehtap; Öztürk, Bayram; Turan, Elif; Gönülalan, Gülsüm; Polat, İlker; Gündüz, Kemal

doi:10.1159/000371549

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“… 19 who, for the first time, showed that M-opsin expression is still prone to TH manipulation in fully maturated photoreceptors of adult mice and rats. A similar effect was reported in adult hypothyroid human patients treated with T4, based on a colour contrast sensitivity test 25 . It can be argued that the contradicting observation is a consequence of prolonged natural TH deprivation experienced by the mole-rat retina.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…This suppresses S-opsin expression and instead activates M-opsin expression 17 , 23 , 24 . Low serum TH levels, a state referred to as hypothyroid, thus leads to downregulation of M-opsin expression with a high plasticity throughout adulthood, at least in mice, rats, and likely also in humans 19 , 25 . Interestingly, we have previously shown that Ansell’s mole-rats have serum FT4 levels which are approximately 10-fold lower compared to other rodents, while FT3 levels are in the rodent-typical range 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinal S-opsin dominance in Ansell’s mole-rats (Fukomys anselli) is a consequence of naturally low serum thyroxine

Henning

Mladěnková

Burda

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Mammals usually possess a majority of medium-wavelength sensitive (M-) and a minority of short-wavelength sensitive (S-) opsins in the retina, enabling dichromatic vision. Unexpectedly, subterranean rodents from the genus Fukomys exhibit an S-opsin majority, which is exceptional among mammals, albeit with no apparent adaptive value. Because thyroid hormones (THs) are pivotal for M-opsin expression and metabolic rate regulation, we have, for the first time, manipulated TH levels in the Ansell’s mole-rat (Fukomys anselli) using osmotic pumps. In Ansell’s mole-rats, the TH thyroxine (T4) is naturally low, likely as an adaptation to the harsh subterranean ecological conditions by keeping resting metabolic rate (RMR) low. We measured gene expression levels in the eye, RMR, and body mass (BM) in TH-treated animals. T4 treatment increased both, S- and M-opsin expression, albeit M-opsin expression at a higher degree. However, this plasticity was only given in animals up to approximately 2.5 years. Mass-specific RMR was not affected following T4 treatment, although BM decreased. Furthermore, the T4 inactivation rate is naturally higher in F. anselli compared to laboratory rodents. This is the first experimental evidence that the S-opsin majority in Ansell’s mole-rats is a side effect of low T4, which is downregulated to keep RMR low.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal S-opsin dominance in Ansell’s mole-rats (Fukomys anselli) is a consequence of naturally low serum thyroxine

Henning

Mladěnková

Burda

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Primary hypothyroidism has signi cantly increased the risk of open-angle glaucoma [14] , which eventually results in visual eld defects [15] . Additionally, hypothyroidism has a high incidence of color contrast sensitivity impaired [16] and visual evoked potential (VEP) disorders [17], [18] . Higher baseline thyroid-stimulating hormone could be associated with faster cognitive decline over-time among US adults in the urban area, speci cally in domains of working memory and visuospatial and/or vasoconstriction abilities [19] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voxel-Based Morphometric Features of Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy

Tu¹,

Chen²,

Mao³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) is a serious complication of thyroid-associated ophthalmology (TAO), leading to loss of vision or blindness. Numerous studies had reported thyroid dysfunction affects a wide range of visual pathways in adults, from the retina to the visual center. We aimed to explore if there were abnormalities of gray matter density (GMD) in DON patients.Methods: We collected patients with TAO from The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. All patients underwent routine ophthalmic examination, Clinical Activity Score (CAS), intraocular pressure (IOP), exophthalmos, visual field, OCT,and orbital CT scan. 16 patients with DON and 16 patients without DON (N-DON) were enrolled in this study. Age, gender, orbital congestion index and degree of education of patients were matched between the two groups. High-resolution magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient echo (MPRAGE) scans was performed on all patients. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was applied to analyze the T1 weighted images of the brain, based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) integrated VBM (FSL-VBM).Results: GDM was significantly decreased in the right middle temporal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, and right middle frontal orbicular gyrus in the DON when compared to N-DON.Conclusions: The DON can result in reduced GMD in specific areas of the brain. This finding suggests that there may be other mechanisms in Don

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“…The iris enables the eye for adapting the lightness levels, where the retina is lightsensitive and the vision of color is possible only for up to 40° angles around the optical axis, in fact, the human cannot differentiate colors at low light [2]. The effect of color vision is prominent in human, and in particular, the effect on color contrast sensitivity [3]. Color effects in the human brain and psychology such as behavior, activities, and studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Web Contents Color Contrast on Human Psychology in the Lens of HCI

Mithun¹,

Bakar²,

Yafooz³

2019

IJITCS

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Web contents include text, image, and any visual element that represents in web applications. Users conduct web applications throughout visual contents; therefore, the contents should visible clearly and follow a strict contrast ratio to differentiate from the other contents of the application. The color contrast assists to visualize contents combining the contrast ratio between background and foreground. Whether the web contents not visible clearly or overpass to split its color contrast from the background shall be worthless, and in addition, the human brain and psychology have an impact of colors which lead physiologically effects such as feelings and senses. Numerous web applications existing on the web and some applications failed to follow the design principles of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). In HCI, visualization is the most widespread research area and, in the context of visual interaction, the HCI facilitates and guides application design that to be user-centric. This research reveals the HCI for color effects on the human eye, brain, phycology, and contrast ratio. Also extended the existing standard minimum contrast ratio for the design of web contents in light and dark background and foreground following HCI principles. The extended ratio experimented on a web application contents to differentiate the accuracy between the existing and the extended ratio.

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The Effect of Hypothyroidism on Color Contrast Sensitivity: A Prospective Study

Abstract: group after euthyroidism was achieved, which denotes improvement in color contrast sensitivity. Conclusions: It is a novel finding of the current study that color contrast sensitivity is impaired in hypothyroidism and significantly improves after euthyroidism is achieved.

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Retinal S-opsin dominance in Ansell’s mole-rats (Fukomys anselli) is a consequence of naturally low serum thyroxine

Retinal S-opsin dominance in Ansell’s mole-rats (Fukomys anselli) is a consequence of naturally low serum thyroxine

Voxel-Based Morphometric Features of Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy

The Impact of Web Contents Color Contrast on Human Psychology in the Lens of HCI

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