The effect of<i>in sacco</i>rumen incubation of a grass silage upon the total and D-amino acid composition of the residual silage dry matter

Rooke, J. A.; Greife, H. A.; Armstrong, David G.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600042258

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The AA profile of GS observed in our experiment differed from that published by Rooke et al (1984) and Syrjala-Qvist et al (1984 a,b). The total and individual EAAN in MS was lower than observed by Le Henaff et al (1988).…”

Section: Feedstuff Compositioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Digestion of feed amino acids in the rumen and small intestine of dairy cows measured with nylon-bag techniques

Straalen¹,

Odinga²,

Mostert³

1997

Br J Nutr

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The disappearance of total N, non-protein-N and amino acid-N after washing, rumen incubation and intestinal passage of sugarbeet pulp, maize-gluten feed, maize feed meal, palm kernel meal, soyabean hulls, soyabean meal, grass silage, maize silage and concentrate was measured in four dairy cows using nylon-bag techniques. Disappearance of amino acid-N after washing varied between feedstuff's from 14 to 69 % of feed amino acid-N, and was lower than disappearance of nonprotein-N. For sugarbeet pulp, grass silage and maize silage, washing had a considerable effect on the amino acid profile. Disappearance of amino acid-N after rumen incubation was also lower than non-protein-N and varied between feedstuff's from 25 to 73% of feed amino acid-N. Rumen incubation had only a small effect on the amino acid profile of the residue after washing. Disappearance of amino acid-N in the intestine varied between feedstuffs from 70 to 99 % of rumen undegraded amino acid-N, and was higher than the disappearance of non-protein-N. Intestinal incubation showed a considerable effect on the amino acid profile for all feedstuffs. It was concluded that protein that was assumed to escape rumen degradation and was absorbable in the intestine was higher in amino acids and methionine, and lower in non-amino acid-N and glutamic acid and proline compared with protein in the feedstuff.

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Section: Feedstuff Compositioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Digestion of feed amino acids in the rumen and small intestine of dairy cows measured with nylon-bag techniques

Straalen¹,

Odinga²,

Mostert³

1997

Br J Nutr

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“…The final effect of all these changes was an increase in ED values, in agreement with previous results (Mathers & Aitchison, 1981;Rooke et al 1984;Bernard et al 1988;Ould-Bah et al 1988;Valadares Filho et al 1992;Kamoun et al 1993;Beckers et al 1995;González et al 2006).…”

Section: Rumen Degradationsupporting

confidence: 90%

In situstudy of the relevance of bacterial adherence to feed particles for the contamination and accuracy of rumen degradability estimates for feeds of vegetable origin

Rodríguez

González

2006

Br J Nutr

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An in situ study was conducted on four rumen-cannulated wethers to determine (using 15 N infusion techniques) the microbial contamination (mg bacterial DM or crude protein (CP)/100 mg DM or CP) and the associated error on the effective degradability of fourteen feeds: barley and maize grains, soyabean and sunflower meals, full-fat soyabean, maize gluten feed, soyabean hulls, brewers dried grains, sugarbeet pulp, wheat bran, lucerne and vetch-oat hays, and barley and lentil straws. The DM or CP contamination in residues (M) fitted to single exponential or sigmoid) was proposed to match this fit. Asymptotic values (m) varied from 2·84 % to 13·3 % and from 2·85 % to 80·9 % for DM and CP, respectively. Uncorrected results underestimated the effective degradability of both DM (P,0·05) and CP (P, 0·01). For CP, this underestimation varied from 0·59 % to 13·1 %, with a higher but unascertainable error for barley straw. Excluding maize grain, the microbial contamination of both DM and CP, and the associated underestimation of the effective degradability of CP, were positively related to the cellulose content of the feed. The error in the effective degradability of CP was also negatively related to the CP content and its apparent effective degradability (R 2 0·867). This equation allows easier and more accurate estimates of effective degradability, needed to improve protein-rationing systems. The current systems of protein rationing for ruminants require an accurate knowledge of the quantity of the microbial and feed proteins that reach the post-ruminal tract. The magnitude of both protein fractions is influenced by the rumen degradation of feeds included in the ration. In situ methods are the most common way to obtain estimates of effective degradability (ED). However, adherent micro-organisms that colonise and degrade feed particles simultaneously contaminate them. The resultant underestimate of the ED of crude protein (CP) or amino acids in vegetable feeds may be important as a consequence of the high N content in micro-organisms, although feed characteristics determining microbial adherence and the development and persistence of the micro-organisms may also influence this underestimate.In spite of these errors, uncorrected ED values are commonly employed in current systems, because the estimation of microbial contamination is a laborious, complex and expensive procedure. Although microbial attachment has been the subject of many types of research, quantitative and systematic in situ studies across a wide range of feeds are scarce (Michalet-Doreau & Ould Bah, 1989), and in most cases these have focused only on the effects of N contamination on ED estimates. Studies on microbial colonisation may, however, also contribute to a better knowledge of factors affecting feed degradation (McAllister et al. 1994) and microbial protein supply associated with feed particles, which represents an important contribution to the nutrition of the ruminant (Merry & McAllan, 1983, Rodríguez et al. 2003. The objectives of the present...

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“…The carbohydrates and proteins in the feedstuffs were broken down into different groups using their chemical characteristics and their degradation profiles estimated by in sacco measurements (Orskov and MacDonald, 1979 (Tamminga et al, 1990;Sauvant et al, 1994 (Chen et al, 1987) (Chalupa, 1976;Rooke et al, 1984;Crooker ef al, 1986;Varvikko, 1986;Susmel et al, 1989) (Lescoat and Sauvant, 1994; Dijkstra (1993 (Kristensen and Weisbjerg, 1991; Hvelplund, 1990) (FtVFA!,.0.9((dFMl/dt + dAMl/cffl/162)e6 (in moles of carbon). Asumptions of 90% organic matter in the microorganisms and a microorganism 'molecular weight' of 162 g, equal to that of a mole of carbohydrate were made.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a mechanistic model for rumen digestion validated using the duodenal flux of amino acids

Lescoat¹,

Sauvant²

1995

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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The effect ofin saccorumen incubation of a grass silage upon the total and D-amino acid composition of the residual silage dry matter

Cited by 36 publications

References 14 publications

Digestion of feed amino acids in the rumen and small intestine of dairy cows measured with nylon-bag techniques

Digestion of feed amino acids in the rumen and small intestine of dairy cows measured with nylon-bag techniques

In situstudy of the relevance of bacterial adherence to feed particles for the contamination and accuracy of rumen degradability estimates for feeds of vegetable origin

Development of a mechanistic model for rumen digestion validated using the duodenal flux of amino acids

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