The Effect of I155T, K156Q, K156E and N186K Mutations in Hemagglutinin on the Virulence and Reproduction of Influenza A/H5N1 Viruses

Тимофеева, Т. А.; Садыкова, Г. К.; Nf, Lomakina; Gambaryan, Alexandra; Руднева, И. А.; Timofeeva, E B; Шилов, А. А.; Boravleva, Elizaveta; Zhuravleva, M. M.; Иванов, П. А.; Ryazanova, Elena L.; Прилипов, А. Г.

doi:10.1134/s0026893320060126

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Substitutions in antigenic site B included R193I (H5: 189; H7: 184), and K156E alone (immature protein: K168E; H5: K152E; H7: K145E) or in combination with substitution at amino acid 186 (K156E + A186T) (immature protein: K168E + A198T; H5: K152E + A182T; H7: K145E + A177T) (Philpott et al 1989 , 1990 ). Escape mutants harbouring substitutions at 186 are commonly reported (Chen et al 2009 , Henry Dunand et al 2015 , Timofeeva et al 2020a ) and have been associated with a reduction in thermal stability (Timofeeva et al 2020a , b ). H5 and H7 antigenic evolution studies consistently identify immune escape mutants with substitutions at 156 (H5: 152; H7: 145) (Kaverin et al 2002 , 2007 , Chen et al 2009 , He and Kwang 2013 , Timofeeva et al 2020a ) (located within the 150 loop) and 193 (H5: 189; H7: 184) (Chen et al 2009 , Ferreira et al 2010 , He et al 2010 , Ibañez et al 2011 , He and Kwang 2013 , Itoh et al 2014 , Sitaras et al 2014 ) (located within th e 190 helix) suggesting these subsites are crucial to immune evasion and antigenic drift.…”

Section: Molecular Determinants Of Haemagglutinin Antigenic Driftmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…H5 and H7 escape mutants frequently contain substitutions in the 150-loop (H3: 155–163; H5: 151–159; H7: 144–154). Escape mutants with substitutions at 155 (Kaverin et al 2007 , Timofeeva et al 2020b ), 156 (discussed above), 157 (Kaverin et al 2002 , Thornburg et al 2016 , Lyashko et al 2024 ), 158 (Ibañez et al 2011 , Höper et al 2012 , Zhang et al 2015 , Chang et al 2023 ), 158 B (Thornburg et al 2016 , Huang et al 2019 ) (158 A and 158 B are present in H7 but not H5 AIVs), 159 (He et al 2010 , Höper et al 2012 , He and Kwang 2013 ), 160 (discussed below), 162 (Rudneva et al 2010 ), and 163 (Paul et al 2017 ) are described. Phenotypically, K156N or K157M substitutions increase affinity to α-2,3 receptor analogues (Ilyushina et al 2004 ), R162K decreased the pH of fusion, R162W has no detectable effect on pH of fusion, and R162G decreased thermostability (Kaverin et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Molecular Determinants Of Haemagglutinin Antigenic Driftmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epitopes in the HA and NA of H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses that are important for antigenic drift

Luczo,

Spackman

2024

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

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Avian influenza viruses evolve antigenically to evade host immunity. Two influenza A virus surface glycoproteins, the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase, are the major targets of host immunity and undergo antigenic drift in response to host pre-existing humoral and cellular immune responses. Specific sites have been identified as important epitopes in prominent subtypes such as H5 and H7 which are of animal and public health significance due to their panzootic and pandemic potential. The haemagglutinin is the immunodominant immunogen, it has been extensively studied, and the antigenic reactivity is closely monitored to ensure candidate vaccines viruses are protective. More recently, the neuraminidase has received increasing attention for its role as a protective immunogen. The neuraminidase is expressed at a lower abundance than the haemagglutinin on the virus surface but does elicit a robust antibody response. This review aims to compile the current information on haemagglutinin and neuraminidase epitopes and immune escape mutants of H5 and H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Understanding the evolution of immune escape mutants and the location of epitopes is critical for identification of vaccine strains and development of broadly reactive vaccines that can be utilized in humans and animals.

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Section: Molecular Determinants Of Haemagglutinin Antigenic Driftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Determinants Of Haemagglutinin Antigenic Driftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitopes in the HA and NA of H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses that are important for antigenic drift

Luczo,

Spackman

2024

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Genetic evolution, phylodynamic and phylogeographic of H5Ny AIVs in mammals

Sun,

Pang,

Mai

et al. 2024

Animals and Zoonoses

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Reported human infections of H9N2 avian influenza virus in China in 2021

Tan,

Zeng,

Xie

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionThe continued emergence of human infections of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a serious threat to public health. The prevalent Y280/G9 lineage of H9N2 AIV in Chinese poultry can directly bind to human receptors, increasing the risk of spillover infections to humans. Since 2013, the number of human cases of H9N2 avian influenza has been increasing continuously, and in 2021, China reported the highest number of human cases, at 25.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed the age, geographic, temporal, and sex distributions of humans with H9N2 avian influenza in 2021 using data from the National Influenza Center (Beijing, China). We also conducted evolutionary, gene homology, and molecular characterization analyses of the H9N2 AIVs infecting humans.ResultsOur findings show that children under the age of 12 accounted for 80% of human cases in 2021, and females were more frequently affected than males. More cases occurred in winter than in summer, and most cases were concentrated in southern China. Human-infecting H9N2 viruses showed a high level of genetic homology and belonged to the prevalent G57 genotype. Several additional α2,6-SA-binding sites and sites of mammalian adaptation were also identified in the genomes of human-infecting H9N2 viruses.DiscussionTherefore, continuous monitoring of H9N2 AIV and the implementation of further measures to control the H9N2 virus in poultry are essential to reduce the interspecies transmission of the virus.

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The Effect of I155T, K156Q, K156E and N186K Mutations in Hemagglutinin on the Virulence and Reproduction of Influenza A/H5N1 Viruses

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Epitopes in the HA and NA of H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses that are important for antigenic drift

Epitopes in the HA and NA of H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses that are important for antigenic drift

Genetic evolution, phylodynamic and phylogeographic of H5Ny AIVs in mammals

Reported human infections of H9N2 avian influenza virus in China in 2021

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