The effect of incorporation of a Brazilian water treatment plant sludge on the properties of ceramic materials

Characterization and pozzolanic properties of calcined alum sludge

“…The most feasible alternatives to solve the problem of sludge discharge including several reuse options were identified globally such as; for coagulant recovery and reuse [9], as coagulant in wastewater treatment [10], as adsorbent for phosphorus [11], manganese [12] and fluoride [13] from aqueous solutions, as coconditioning and dewatering with sewage sludge [14], as constructed wetlands substrate [15], as soil buffers [16], nutrients reduction in laden soils and runoffs [17], in brick making [18][19][20], in ceramic making [21,22], in pavement and geotechnical works [23], for structural soil improvement [24] and in manufacture of cement [25][26][27][28][29], cementitious materials [30][31][32][33][34][35][36], and light weight aggregate [37,38]. Replacement part of clay by sludge improves the compressive strength of produced cement paste.…”

Utilization of water treatment plant sludge in structural ceramics bricks

“…In addition, the use of sludge in the construction industry is considered to be an economic and environmentally sound option (Ramadan et al, 2008). The concentration of sludge that can be incorporated into clays in order to produce bricks depends partly on the sludge properties (grain-size distribution and chemical and mineral composition) but even more so on the properties of the raw materials used (Teixeira et al, 2011). Using bench-scale experimentation, (Alleman and Berman, 1984), showed that conventional clay and shale ingredients for bricks could be partially supplemented with sludge.…”

Produção mais limpa: contributos teórico-práticos para a sustentabilidade da cerâmica vermelha

“…em [48] assinala-se que a incorporação de 10% de lodo de ETA na massa argilosa permite a fabricação de blocos de vedação em temperaturas de queima abaixo de 1000 °C e que acima dessa temperatura até 20% de lodo de ETA pode ser incorporado à massa, o que permite também a fabricação de telhas em conformidade com as normas técnicas brasileiras desses produtos. Em [49], por sua vez, aponta-se que, para blocos estruturais de 6 furos extrudados, 8% é o máximo de lodo de ETA a ser incorporado na massa argilosa para estar em conformidade com a norma técnica desse produto.…”