The effect of increased cognitive processing on reactive balance control following perturbations to the upper limb

Trotman, Megan; Kennefick, Michael; Coughlin, S. B.; Donkelaar, Paul; Dalton, Brian H.

doi:10.1007/s00221-022-06326-6

Exp Brain Res

2022

DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06326-6

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The effect of increased cognitive processing on reactive balance control following perturbations to the upper limb

Megan Trotman

Michael Kennefick

S. B. Coughlin

et al.

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Cited by 2 publications

References 51 publications

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Four hours of normobaric hypoxia reduces Achilles tendon reflex inhibition

Debenham,

Bruce,

McNeil

et al. 2024

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Acute exposure to hypoxia increases postural sway, but the underlying neurophysiological factors are unclear. Golgi tendon organs (GTOs), located within the musculotendinous junction (MTJ), provide inhibitory signals to plantar flexor muscles that are important for balance control; however, it is uncertain if GTO function is influenced by hypoxia. The aim of this study was to determine how normobaric hypoxia influences lower limb tendon-evoked inhibitory reflexes during upright stance. We hypothesized that tendon-evoked reflex area and duration would decrease during hypoxia, indicating less inhibition of postural muscles compared to normoxia. At baseline (BL; 0.21 fraction of inspired oxygen, FIO2) and at ~2 (H2) and 4 (H4) hours of normobaric hypoxia (0.11 FIO2) in a normobaric hypoxic chamber, sixteen healthy participants received electrical musculotendinous stimulation (MTstim) to the MTJ of the left Achilles tendon. The MTstim was delivered as two sets of 50 stimuli while the participant stood on a force plate with their feet together. Tendon-evoked inhibitory reflexes were recorded from the surface electromyogram of the ipsilateral medial gastrocnemius, and center of pressure (CoP) variables were recorded from the force plate. Normobaric hypoxia increased CoP velocity (p ≤ 0.002) but not CoP standard deviation (p ≥0.12). Compared to BL, normobaric hypoxia reduced tendon-evoked inhibitory reflex area by 45% at H2 and 53% at H4 (p ≤ 0.002). In contrast, reflex duration was unchanged during hypoxia. The reduced inhibitory feedback from the GTO pathway could likely play a role in the increased postural sway observed during acute exposure to hypoxia.

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Four hours of normobaric hypoxia reduces Achilles tendon reflex inhibition

Debenham,

Bruce,

McNeil

et al. 2024

Journal of Applied Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Rationale and Design of the PARTNER Trial: Partnered Rhythmic Rehabilitation for Enhanced Motor-Cognition in Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease

Cao

Bay

Hajjar

et al. 2023

JAD

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Background: Functional decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is impacted by impaired ability to integrate and modulate complex cognitive and motor abilities, commonly known as motor-cognitive integration. Impaired motor-cognitive integration occurs in the early stages of AD, prodromal AD (pAD), and may precede other symptoms. Combined motor and cognitive training have been recommended for people with pAD and need to be better researched. Our data suggest that partnered rhythmic rehabilitation (PRR) improves motor-cognitive integration in older adults with cognitive impairment. PRR is an ideal intervention to simultaneously target cardiovascular, social, and motor-cognitive domains important to AD. Objective/Methods: We propose to conduct a 1-year Phase II, single-blind randomized controlled trial using PRR in 66 patients with pAD. Participants will be assigned to three months of biweekly sessions, followed by nine months of weekly sessions of PRR or group walking (WALK) with 1 : 1 allocation. Group walking in the control group will allow us to compare physical exercise alone versus the added benefit of the cognitively engaging elements of PRR. Results/Conclusion: Using an intent-to-treat approach, this innovative pilot study will 1) Determine acceptability, safety, tolerability, and satisfaction with PRR; 2) Compare efficacy of PRR versus WALK for improving motor-cognitive integration and identify the most sensitive endpoint for a Phase III trial from a set of motor-cognitive, volumetric MRI, and cognitive measures. The study will additionally explore potential neural, vascular, and inflammatory mechanisms by which PRR affects pAD to derive effect size of these intermediary measures and aid us in estimating sample size for a future trial.

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The effect of increased cognitive processing on reactive balance control following perturbations to the upper limb

Cited by 2 publications

References 51 publications

Four hours of normobaric hypoxia reduces Achilles tendon reflex inhibition

Four hours of normobaric hypoxia reduces Achilles tendon reflex inhibition

Rationale and Design of the PARTNER Trial: Partnered Rhythmic Rehabilitation for Enhanced Motor-Cognition in Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease

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