The Effect of Increasing Application Rates of Nine Plant Growth Regulators on the Turf and Stolon Characteristics of Pot-grown ‘Patriot’ Hybrid Bermudagrass

Volterrani, Marco; Grossi, Nicola; Gaetani, Monica; Caturegli, Lisa; Nikolopoulou, Aimila Eleni; Lulli, Filippo; Magni, Simone

doi:10.21273/horttech.25.3.397

“…The drop in mass production increases over time, when the application of product is constant. Mass reduction was also reported up to 91% in 'Patriot' Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis) after 4 weeks after Pacloburazol application (Volterrani et al, 2015), and 86% in 'TifEagle' (C. dactylon x C. transvaalensis) (McCullough et al, 2004) after two applications, values higher than those of the present study.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 72%

Paclobutrazol as growth regulator in Bahiagrass

Lima

¹

,

Santos

²

,

Bezerra

³

et al. 2020

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Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) is a native species widely found on highways margins, however, cutting practices are necessary, which increase the maintenance cost, being an alternative, the use of growth regulators, such as Paclobutrazol. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of Paclobutrazol doses as growth regulator in Bahiagrass. The turf was implanted in black plastic containers (8.46 L), previously prepared with the mixture of soil + sand + organic compost (1:1:1). The experimental design was completely randomized, composed of 3 doses of Paclobutrazol [1.1 and 2.2 kg a.i. (active ingredient) ha-1 + control (0 kg a.i. ha-1)], in four applications of 2 L of syrup per container, thus forming a factorial 3x4 (doses x response time) with 3 repetitions. The fresh and dry mass, relative chlorophyll index, leaf N and the visual aspect of the green cover rate were evaluated on four different dates. It was observed that the product controlled the growth of the lawn, with less production of fresh and dry mass, and increase of the relative index of chlorophyll and concentration of leaf nitrogen; however, it decreased turfgrass density of green mass, which influenced the visual lawn aspect. Thus, Paclobutrazol controlled Bahiagrass growth at a dose of 2.2 Kg a.i. ha-1 in regular applications of 30 to 45 days, however it affected the density and consequently the aesthetics of the turfgrass.

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“…Root length density (root length per soil volume) and average diameter are commonly measured using scanning software 3,4,5,9,14,15,16,17,18 . Conversely, the length and diameter of stolons or rhizomes are usually measured with a ruler and caliper 3,19,20 and require significant time and labor 21,22,23,24 . Hence, they are often measured in a restricted number of stolons or rhizomes 11,20,25 and are often limited to the morphological characterization of spaced plants only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, the length and diameter of stolons or rhizomes are usually measured with a ruler and caliper 3,19,20 and require significant time and labor 21,22,23,24 . Hence, they are often measured in a restricted number of stolons or rhizomes 11,20,25 and are often limited to the morphological characterization of spaced plants only. The study of stolon and rhizome traits in a mature canopy involves sampling a large amount of biomass so that usually only stolon and rhizome dry weight density (dry weight per unit of surface) are determined 7,11,26,27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of stolon and rhizome traits in mature turfgrasses has always been based on the measurement of internode length and diameter and mass dry weight 7,11,26,27 . Due to the large time required to process samples and the decrease in accuracy with the increase of sample size, manual measurements should be limited to a small number of stolons or rhizomes 11,20,25 . As such, they may only be suitable for singleplant experiments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring Stolons and Rhizomes of Turfgrasses Using a Digital Image Analysis System

Pornaro

¹

,

Macolino

²

,

Richardson

³

2019

JoVE

0

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Length and diameter of stolons or rhizomes are usually measured using simple rulers and calipers. This procedure is slow and laborious, so it is often used on a limited number of stolons or rhizomes. For this reason, these traits are limited in their use for morphological characterization of plants. The use of digital image analysis software technology may overcome measurement errors due to human mistakes, which tend to increase as the number and size of samples also increase. The protocol can be used for any kind of crop but is particularly suitable for forage or grasses, where plants are small and numerous. Turf samples consist of aboveground biomass and an upper soil layer to the depth of maximum rhizome development, depending on the species of interest. In studies, samples are washed from the soil, and stolons/rhizomes are cleaned by hand before analysis by digital image analysis software. The samples are further dried in a laboratory heating oven to measure dry weight; therefore, for each sample, the resultant data are total length, total dry weight, and average diameter. Scanned images can be corrected before analysis by excluding visible extraneous parts, such as remaining roots or leaves not removed with the cleaning process. Indeed, these fragments normally have much smaller diameters than stolons or rhizomes, so they can be easily excluded from analysis by fixing the minimum diameter below which objects are not considered. Stolon or rhizome density per unit area can then be calculated based on sample size. The advantage of this method is quick and efficient measurement of the length and average diameter of large sample numbers of stolons or rhizomes.

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“…Root systems, stolons, and rhizomes of turfgrasses are studied because of their importance in turf quality Root length density (root length per soil volume) and average diameter are commonly measured using scanning software 3,4,5,9,14,15,16,17,18 . Conversely, the length and diameter of stolons or rhizomes are usually measured with a ruler and caliper 3,19,20 and require significant time and labor 21,22,23,24 . Hence, they are often measured in a restricted number of stolons or rhizomes 11,20,25 and are often limited to the morphological characterization of spaced plants only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Stolons and Rhizomes of Turfgrasses Using a Digital Image Analysis System

Pornaro

¹

,

Macolino

²

,

Richardson

³

2019

JoVE

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Length and diameter of stolons or rhizomes are usually measured using simple rulers and calipers. This procedure is slow and laborious, so it is often used on a limited number of stolons or rhizomes. For this reason, these traits are limited in their use for morphological characterization of plants. The use of digital image analysis software technology may overcome measurement errors due to human mistakes, which tend to increase as the number and size of samples also increase. The protocol can be used for any kind of crop but is particularly suitable for forage or grasses, where plants are small and numerous. Turf samples consist of aboveground biomass and an upper soil layer to the depth of maximum rhizome development, depending on the species of interest. In studies, samples are washed from the soil, and stolons/rhizomes are cleaned by hand before analysis by digital image analysis software. The samples are further dried in a laboratory heating oven to measure dry weight; therefore, for each sample, the resultant data are total length, total dry weight, and average diameter. Scanned images can be corrected before analysis by excluding visible extraneous parts, such as remaining roots or leaves not removed with the cleaning process. Indeed, these fragments normally have much smaller diameters than stolons or rhizomes, so they can be easily excluded from analysis by fixing the minimum diameter below which objects are not considered. Stolon or rhizome density per unit area can then be calculated based on sample size. The advantage of this method is quick and efficient measurement of the length and average diameter of large sample numbers of stolons or rhizomes.

show abstract

The Effect of Increasing Application Rates of Nine Plant Growth Regulators on the Turf and Stolon Characteristics of Pot-grown ‘Patriot’ Hybrid Bermudagrass

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Paclobutrazol as growth regulator in Bahiagrass

Paclobutrazol as growth regulator in Bahiagrass

Measuring Stolons and Rhizomes of Turfgrasses Using a Digital Image Analysis System

Measuring Stolons and Rhizomes of Turfgrasses Using a Digital Image Analysis System

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