The effect of increasing rates of nitrogen fertiliser and a nitrification inhibitor on nitrous oxide emissions from urine patches on sheep grazed hill country pasture

Hoogendoorn, C. J.; Klein, Cecile A. M. de; Rutherford, Alison; Letica, Selai; Devantier, B.P.

doi:10.1071/ea07238

Cited by 42 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…(1 yr (1 (Hoogendoorn et al 2008). In this study, N 2 O emissions were assumed proportional to inputs of N in urine, dung and fertiliser, but the proportionality constant varied according to land slope.…”

Section: Nitrogen Outputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple models of carbon and nitrogen cycling in New Zealand hill country pastures: exploring impacts of intensification on soil C and N pools

Hoogendoorn

Bowatte

Tillman

2011

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Concerns about climate change and water quality make it necessary to have a better understanding of the cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) within landscapes. In New Zealand, pastoral farming on hill country is a major land use, and there is little information available at a landscape level on the cycling of C and N within these systems, particularly the impacts of land use intensification. Published information on the individual components of C and N cycles in hill country pastoral systems was used to construct simple C and N models for two notional hill country paddocks with contrasting amounts of annual net herbage accumulation (NHA). These simple models of C and N cycling were used to explore the potential impacts of intensification on soil C and N pools. The C and N models constructed illustrate that both the C and N cycles in hill country pastoral farming are characterised by large fluxes in and out of the system and relatively small annual accumulations or depletions of their respective soil pools. The mechanisms by which these inward and outward fluxes are generated differ greatly between C and N. Most of the C cycling through the soil/plant/animal system in a year is sourced from the atmosphere through photosynthesis in that same year and the annual quantity of C ingested by grazing animals is only approximately 25% of that fixed annually. In contrast, the annual quantity of N ingested by grazing animals is 300Á400% of that added to the system annually by fixation, and most of this ingested N (!80%) is returned to the soil in animal excreta. This contrasts with B25% of ingested C returned in animal excreta. Grazing animals, with their propensity to exhibit camping behaviour, are therefore much more influential in the spatial redistribution of N than C in hill country pastures. The simple C and N models presented in this paper indicate that while land use intensification results in increased inputs of both C and N to the soil, intensification is also likely to result in increased losses of C and N from the soil pool. Which of these processes dominates in a given situation determines whether intensification will result in an increase or decrease of soil C and N. Based on a simple C model, we postulate that if intensification increases NHA by one unit there is likely to be an increase in soil C unless at the same time increased grazing pressure results in at least a three-unit increase in dry matter eaten/harvested. Keywords: carbon; nitrogen; hill country; grazing; intensification Introduction Two environmental issues of major concern are increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and increased concentrations of nitrogen (N) in receiving waters. These are affected by global carbon (C) and N cycles, and soil C and N are major components of these cycles. Hill country farmers are intensifying *Corresponding author. Email: coby.hoogendoorn@agresearch.co.nz Hill country pastoral landscapes occupy a large area of New Zealand, but compared with flat land, relatively little is known of nut...

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Section: Nitrogen Outputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple models of carbon and nitrogen cycling in New Zealand hill country pastures: exploring impacts of intensification on soil C and N pools

Hoogendoorn

Bowatte

Tillman

2011

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…In many studies (e.g., Yang and Cai 2005;Hoogendoorn et al 2008), the elevation of N levels can stimulate N 2 O emissions linearly. However, a linear relationship between N application and N 2 O emission has been questioned (Ryden 1983;Velthof et al 1996;Thornton and Valente 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil nitrous oxide emissions from a typical semiarid temperate steppe in inner Mongolia: effects of mineral nitrogen fertilizer levels and forms

Peng

Dong

et al. 2011

Plant Soil

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Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions can be significantly affected by the amounts and forms of nitrogen (N) available in soils, but the effect is highly dependent on local climate and soil conditions in specific ecosystem. To improve our understanding of the response of N 2 O emissions to different N sources of fertilizer in a typical semiarid temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of high, medium and low N fertilizer levels (HN: 200 kg Nha ) respectively and N fertilizer forms (CAN: calcium ammonium nitrate, AS: ammonium sulphate and NS: sodium nitrate) on N 2 O emissions using static closed chamber method. Our data showed that peak N 2 O fluxes induced by N treatments were concentrated in short periods (2 to 3 weeks) after fertilization in summer and in soil thawing periods in early spring; there were similarly low N 2 O fluxes from all treatments in the remaining seasons of the year. The three N levels increased annual N 2 O emissions significantly (P<0.05) in the order of MN > HN > LN compared with the CK (control) treatment in year 1; in year 2, the elevation of annual N 2 O emissions was significant (P < 0.05) by HN and MN treatments but was insignificant by LN treatments (P>0.05). The three N forms also had strong effects on N 2 O emissions. Significantly (P<0.05) higher annual N 2 O emissions were observed in the soils of CAN and AS fertilizer treatments than in the soils of NS fertilizer treatments in both measured years, but the difference between CAN and AS was not significant (P>0.05). Annual N 2 O emission factors (EF) ranged from 0.060 to 0.298% for different N fertilizer treatments in the two observed years, with an overall EF value of 0.125%. The EF values were by far less than the mean default EF proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

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“…Several studies (e.g. Di and Cameron, 2006;Di et al, 2007;Hoogendoorn et al, 2008) have shown that DCD can reduce N 2 O emissions from urine and urea applications between mid-autumn and early-spring in pastoral soils. The average reduction in N 2 O emissions in these studies varied between 30% and 80%.…”

Section: Opportunities For Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to mitigate nitrous oxide emissions from herbivore production systems

Schils

Eriksen

Ledgard

et al. 2013

Animal

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Herbivores are a significant source of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. They account for a large share of manure-related N 2 O emissions, as well as soil-related N 2 O emissions through the use of grazing land, and land for feed and forage production. It is widely acknowledged that mitigation measures are necessary to avoid an increase in N 2 O emissions while meeting the growing global food demand. The production and emissions of N 2 O are closely linked to the efficiency of nitrogen (N) transfer between the major components of a livestock system, that is, animal, manure, soil and crop. Therefore, mitigation options in this paper have been structured along these N pathways. Mitigation technologies involving diet-based intervention include lowering the CP content or increasing the condensed tannin content of the diet. Animal-related mitigation options also include breeding for improved N conversion and high animal productivity. The main soil-based mitigation measures include efficient use of fertilizer and manure, including the use of nitrification inhibitors. In pasture-based systems with animal housing facilities, reducing grazing time is an effective option to reduce N 2 O losses. Crop-based options comprise breeding efforts for increased N-use efficiency and the use of pastures with N 2 -fixing clover. It is important to recognize that all N 2 O mitigation options affect the N and carbon cycles of livestock systems. Therefore, care should be taken that reductions in N 2 O emissions are not offset by unwanted increases in ammonia, methane or carbon dioxide emissions. Despite the abundant availability of mitigation options, implementation in practice is still lagging. Actual implementation will only follow after increased awareness among farmers and greenhouse gases targeted policies. So far, reductions in N 2 O emissions that have been achieved are mostly a positive side effect of other N-targeted policies.Keywords: farm level, greenhouse gases, herbivores, mitigation, nitrous oxide ImplicationsThe production of milk and meat contributes to global warming through the emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Mitigation measures in herbivore production systems are necessary to limit increasing emissions while meeting the growing demand for food. This review outlines the current opportunities for mitigation in all important areas of farm management. At present, there is a broad range of mitigation options available, for every type of farm. This review highlights that recent reductions in N 2 O emissions are mostly a side effect of other policies, targeted at increased nitrogen efficiency and feed conversion efficiency.

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The effect of increasing rates of nitrogen fertiliser and a nitrification inhibitor on nitrous oxide emissions from urine patches on sheep grazed hill country pasture

Cited by 42 publications

References 12 publications

Simple models of carbon and nitrogen cycling in New Zealand hill country pastures: exploring impacts of intensification on soil C and N pools

Simple models of carbon and nitrogen cycling in New Zealand hill country pastures: exploring impacts of intensification on soil C and N pools

Soil nitrous oxide emissions from a typical semiarid temperate steppe in inner Mongolia: effects of mineral nitrogen fertilizer levels and forms

Strategies to mitigate nitrous oxide emissions from herbivore production systems

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