The effect of infectious burden on the prevalence of atopy and respiratory allergies in Iceland, Estonia, and Sweden

Janson, Christer; Asbjörnsdottir, Hulda; Birgisdóttir, Alda; Sigurjónsdóttir, Rúna; Gunnbjörnsdóttir, Mari­a; Gíslason, Davíð; Ólafsson, Ísleifur; Cook, Elizabet; Jõgi, Rain; Gíslason, Þórarinn; Þjóðleifsson, Bjarni

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2007.05.003

Cited by 74 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…This may be related to the genetic background of the children, the type of infection and the combination of different types of infection. Notably, a recent study showed that a combination of three infections led to a greater significant inhibitory effect on allergy than one infection [43]. Future study using genetically different inbred mouse strains and the combinations of different infections will be helpful in addressing this question.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imprinted DC mediate the immune‐educating effect of early‐life microbial exposure

et al. 2009

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It has been long proposed that exposure to environmental factors early in life may have an educating effect on the development of immune regulatory functions. However, experimental studies on this issue are limited and the related molecular and cellular basis remains unclear. Here we report that neonatal exposure to killed bacteria (Chlamydia muridarum, originally called Chlamydia trachomatis mouse pneumonitis (MoPn)) changed the pattern of the hosts' immune responses to a model allergen (OVA) in adulthood. This was associated with altered phenotype and function of DC. We found that DC from adult mice treated neonatally with UV-killed MoPn exhibited distinct patterns of surface marker and TLR expression and cytokine production from control mice (DC from adult mice neonatally treated with vehicle, (Sham-DC)). More importantly, DC from adult mice treated neonatally with UV-killed MoPn induced significantly lower type-2 antigen-specific T-cell responses than Sham-DC shown in DC:T co-culture experiments in vitro and in adoptive transfer experiments in vivo. In addition, depletion of T cells in vivo largely abolished the phenotypic and functional alterations of DC caused by bacterial exposure, suggesting the involvement of T cell in this process. Our study demonstrates a central role of DC in linking the early-life exposure to microbial products and the balanced development of immune regulatory functions and the involvement of T cells in imprinting of the DC function.Key words: Allergy . DC . Hygiene hypothesis . IL-10 . TLR IntroductionThe immune system of a host experiences multiple influences from the outside world during development from birth to adult life. Numerous studies have demonstrated that environmental factors encountered during the developmental stage have considerable effect in shaping the pattern of immune responses in adult life. Therefore, the exposure to ''proper'' environmental antigens in early life might be important for the formation and maintenance of a balanced immune regulatory system in the host, thus preventing autoimmunity and allergic diseases [1,2].Over the past decades, the general burden of infections in the developed areas of the world has been reduced due to a better hygiene, and the ''hygiene hypothesis'' has been raised to explain the significant increase of allergic diseases [3,4]. Specifically, it has been hypothesized that exposure to microbial products during early childhood may have an inhibitory effect on the development of allergic diseases [4][5][6]. Notably, in a series of well-performed epidemiological studies on children of European farmers (Allergy and Endotoxin), it was demonstrated that children who grew up in a farming environment and had close contact with farm animals exhibited significantly low levels of allergy and asthma in later life [7][8][9]. However, the proposed educating effect of exposure to various microbial products during early life on the development of immune regulatory function has not been tested in detail using experimental approaches. 469More i...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imprinted DC mediate the immune‐educating effect of early‐life microbial exposure

et al. 2009

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“…Artan IgE düzeyleri enfeksiyon düzeldikten haftalar ya da aylar sonra normale gelir (24). Çok merkezli yapılan bir çalışmada allerjik bireylerde CMV ve EBV seropozitifliğinin daha yüksek olduğu gösterilmiştir (25,26 (27,28).…”

Section: C) Enfeksiyon Hastalıklarıunclassified

High Serum Immunoglobulin E Levels are not Always Due to an Allergy: Hints for Evaluation of the Etiology

Arslan¹,

Çalışkaner²

2017

Asthma Allergy Immunol

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ÖZTıp biliminin her geçen gün ilerleme kaydediyor olması, hekimlikte spesifik konularda ihtisas yapma gerekliliğini doğurmuştur. Günümüzde özellikle dahili branşlarda ve onu takiben cerrahi branşlarda çok sayıda yeni bilim dalları kurulmuştur.Ancak bazı konular vardır ki, hekimler hangi uzmanlık alanına yönlenmiş olurlarsa olsunlar pek bir değişikliğe uğramadan kalır. Bunlara en iyi örnek; eozinofil sayısı yüksek ya da IgE düzeyi yüksek hastalarda, birinci sıradaki ön tanının "ALLERJİ" olmasıdır.Bu yazıda, yüksek IgE düzeyi ile gelen hastalarda ayırıcı tanı konusu ele alınmakta, IgE yüksekliğinin nedenleri, ne zaman araştırılmalı, IgE yüksekliğinin araştırılmasını şekillendirecek klinik bulgular ve değerlendirmeleri konularına değinilmektedir. ABSTRACTThe constant progress of medical science has made it necessary to specialize on various fields. There are now many new disciplines in internal medicine and surgery.However, some beliefs continue with little change despite this specialization. A good example to these is considering allergy first in patients with significant eosinophilia or high IgE levels.In this article, we discuss the differential diagnosis of high IgE levels with information on the causes, when it should be investigated, and the relevant clinical findings and evaluations. Allerjik antikor olarak da adlandırılan IgE; birçok allerjik hastalığın patogenezinde rol oynadığı gibi, sağlıklı bir yanıt olarak hümoral hafıza cevabının önemli bir başlatıcısıdır. IgE parazitik hastalıklarla (özellikle helmint ve protozoa) savunmasında ve antitümör immünitesinde anahtar mediatördür (1).

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“…Therefore, the decrease in H. pylori infection in developed countries is associated with an increasing incidence of bronchial asthma by the advocates of the ‘hygiene hypothesis’ [73]. There are a number of cross-sectional and case-control studies addressing this association with controversial results (table 3) [74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83]. Worth mentioning are the studies which considered CagA status.…”

Section: Bronchial Asthma and H Pylorimentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection and the Respiratory System: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Malfertheiner

Kandulski²,

Schreiber³

et al. 2011

Digestion

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Background: Recent studies suggest an increased Helicobacter pylori prevalence in patients with various extradigestive inflammatory diseases. Similar to H. pylori infection, many respiratory diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation as well as increased immune response. Recent studies have evaluated the relation between various respiratory disorders and H. pylori infection. The aim of this systematic review was to scrutinize the relevant literature and the mechanisms that could underlie a role for H. pylori infection in respiratory diseases. Methods: Relevant literature regarding pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical epidemiology of H. pylori and different respiratory diseases has been systematically identified and analyzed by two independent reviewers according to a PubMed search for English language (until week 14, April 2010). Conclusions: At present, there is no definite proof of a causal relationship between H. pylori and respiratory diseases. Both H. pylori and various respiratory diseases are characterized by the release of proinflammatory cytokines and attraction of granulocytes as well as B- and T-cell-mediated response, though a pathophysiological association has not been proven. Neither the role of genetic predisposition of the host nor the presence of virulence factors nor the impact of H. pylori eradication have been studied in detail and definitely need further evaluation.

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The effect of infectious burden on the prevalence of atopy and respiratory allergies in Iceland, Estonia, and Sweden

Cited by 74 publications

References 47 publications

Imprinted DC mediate the immune‐educating effect of early‐life microbial exposure

Imprinted DC mediate the immune‐educating effect of early‐life microbial exposure

High Serum Immunoglobulin E Levels are not Always Due to an Allergy: Hints for Evaluation of the Etiology

<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection and the Respiratory System: A Systematic Review of the Literature

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