The effect of infusion rate and catheter length on the temperature of warming fluid

Lee, Seong Ho; Kim, Hae Kyu; Park, Sung Chun; Kim, Eun Soo; Kim, Tae Kyun; Kim, Chae Sun

doi:10.4097/kjae.2010.58.1.31

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The final delivered fluid temperature was decreased significantly through increase in the length of the extended tube [15,22,23], despite some fluid warmers being able to warm the intravenous fluid up to 37 o C [12,14]. At low and moderate flow rates, the ThermoSens, the Ranger, and other warmers with similar technology could not deliver normothermic fluid (37 o C) at a tubing distance greater than 75 cm [24][25][26]. The Mega Acer Kit was also unsuccessful in delivering fluid temperatures greater than 35 o C above a tubing distance of 75 cm at 300-1,000 mL/h [9,12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of intravenous fluid warming devices on intraoperative core temperature during maintenance fluid therapy: a prospective randomized controlled trial

et al. 2021

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We investigated the effects of intravenous fluid warmers on intraoperative core temperatures at low flow rates during the maintenance fluid therapy. We conducted a prospective, non-blinded, randomized controlled trial in 99 patients, scheduled for elective spinal fusion surgery with more than 3 hours of general anesthesia. They were randomly distributed into groups using Mega Acer Kit (group M; n=30), Ranger (group R; n=32), or ThermoSens (group T; n=32). The infused flow rate of the fluid was determined as one-third of the preoperative fluid deficit (4-2-1 rules) during fasting times, and the third space loss during surgery (2 mL/kg), per hour. The primary outcome was intraoperative final and lowest esophageal temperature (T eso _Final, lowest T eso ). T eso _Final, lowest T eso , and intraoperative T eso were not significantly different between groups (p=0.512, and p=0.393, p=0.066, respectively). However, the temperature change from baseline T eso to T eso _Final was significantly different between the groups (p=0.044), which of group M were significantly lower than group T (p=0.033). After adjustment with baseline T eso , the differences of least squares means showed the significant differences between groups M and T at 2.5 hours (p=0.020) and 3 hours (p=0.006). The Mega Acer Kit, Ranger, and ThermoSens have a similar effect on intraoperative core temperatures with the low flow rates, but The Mega Acer Kit is more effective at controlling core temperature than the ThermoSens if the fluid infusion time is over 2.5 hours.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of intravenous fluid warming devices on intraoperative core temperature during maintenance fluid therapy: a prospective randomized controlled trial

et al. 2021

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“…ThermoSens® warms the fluid using a heating tube containing a heating plate, in direct contact with the fluid [ 13 ]. FloTem and JOYOTHER BM-1 (Joyother, Seoul, Korea) also employ the dry heat technology for warming the fluid with a tube heated by electric heater elements, similar to technology of ThermoSens® [ 11 17 ]. WarmFlo® heats the fluid using a dry cassette heat exchange technology, similar to Ranger™, which employs dry heat technology using a counter-current metal heating plate [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FloTem, with a disposable length of 108 cm, requires a flow rate of at least 300 ml/h to deliver fluid at temperatures above 32℃; however, it could not deliver fluid above 35℃, even when the flow rate was increased to 1,000 ml/h [ 6 ]. JOYOTHER BM-1 was not effective in delivering the warmed fluid at a distance greater than 75 cm from the outlet of the device at low and moderate flow rates [ 17 ]. Patel et al [ 11 ] also showed that FloTem delivered warmed fluid with a temperature of 29.5℃ at 390 ml/h and 30.8℃ at 780 ml/h, similar to the result of this study (29.93 [29.59–30.27]℃) using ThermoSens®.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mega Acer Kit® is more effective for warming the intravenous fluid than Ranger™ and ThermoSens® at 440 ml/h of infusion rate: an experimental performance study

Kim

et al. 2017

Korean J Anesthesiol

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BackgroundFew studies have investigated the effectiveness of intravenous fluid warmers at low and moderate flow rates below 1,000 ml/h. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of three different fluid warmers at a low flow rate (440 ml/h).MethodsWe experimentally investigated the fluid warming performances of Mega Acer Kit® (Group M, n = 10), Ranger™ (Group R, n = 10), and ThermoSens® (Group T, n = 10) at 440 ml/h for 60 min. All devices were set at a warming temperature of 41℃ with preheating for 10 min. Intravenous fluids were then delivered through them. The fluid temperature (primary endpoint) was measured at 76 cm from the device after infusion for 60 min. The expected decrease in mean body temperature (secondary endpoint) after 5 h infusion for a 70 kg patient (ΔMBT5) was also calculated.ResultsThe fluid temperature (mean [95% CI]) at 76 cm from the device, 60 minutes after the infusion was higher in group M (36.01 [35.73–36.29]℃), compared to groups T (29.81 [29.38–30.24]℃) and R (29.12 [28.52–29.72]℃) (P < 0.001). The ΔMBT5 (mean [95% CI]) was significantly smaller in group M (−0.04 [−0.04 to −0.03]℃) than that in groups T (−0.27 [−0.28 to −0.29]℃; P < 0.001) and R (−0.30 [−0.32 to −0.27]℃; P < 0.001). However, none of the fluid warmers provided a constant normothermic temperature above 36.5℃.ConclusionsMega Acer Kit® was more effective in warming the intravenous fluid with the smallest expected change in the mean body temperature, compared to Ranger™ and ThermoSens®, at a flow rate of 440 ml/h.

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“…However, the findings of this study will serve as a baseline for future clinical studies. Lee et al [ 15 ] suggested that both the flow rate and length of the catheter from the warmer outlet to the patient influence the effectiveness of the warmer. A longer catheter may be associated with more heat loss to the ambient; thus, the outlet fluid should be located as close as possible to the patient.…”

Section: Additional Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fluid Flow Rate on Efficacy of Fluid Warmer: An In Vitro Experimental Study

Thongsukh

Kositratana

Jandonpai

2018

Anesthesiology Research and Practice

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Introduction In patients who require a massive intraoperative transfusion, cold fluid or blood transfusion can cause hypothermia and potential adverse effects. One method by which to prevent hypothermia in these patients is to warm the intravenous fluid before infusion. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the fluid flow rate on the efficacy of a fluid warmer. Methods The room air temperature was controlled at 24°C. Normal saline at room temperature was used for the experiment. The fluid was connected to an infusion pump and covered with a heater line, which constantly maintained the temperature at 42°C. The fluid temperature after warming was measured by an insulated thermistor at different fluid flow rates (100, 300, 600, 900, and 1200 mL/h) and compared with the fluid temperature before warming. Effective warming was defined as an outlet fluid temperature of >32°C. Results The room temperature was 23.6°C ± 0.9°C. The fluid temperature before warming was 24.95°C ± 0.5°C. The outlet temperature was significantly higher after warming at all flow rates (p < 0.001). The increases in temperature were 10.9°C ± 0.1°C, 11.5°C ± 0.1°C, 10.2°C ± 0.1°C, 10.1°C ± 0.7°C, and 8.4°C ± 0.2°C at flow rates of 100, 300, 600, 900, and 1200 mL/h, respectively. The changes in temperature among all different flow rates were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The outlet temperature was >32°C at all flow rates. Conclusions The efficacy of fluid warming was inversely associated with the increase in flow rate. The outlet temperature was <42°C at fluid flow rates of 100 to 1200 mL/h. However, all outlet temperatures reached >32°C, indicating effective maintenance of the core body temperature by infusion of warm fluid.

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The effect of infusion rate and catheter length on the temperature of warming fluid

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of intravenous fluid warming devices on intraoperative core temperature during maintenance fluid therapy: a prospective randomized controlled trial

Effect of intravenous fluid warming devices on intraoperative core temperature during maintenance fluid therapy: a prospective randomized controlled trial

Mega Acer Kit® is more effective for warming the intravenous fluid than Ranger™ and ThermoSens® at 440 ml/h of infusion rate: an experimental performance study

Effect of Fluid Flow Rate on Efficacy of Fluid Warmer: An In Vitro Experimental Study

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