The Effect of Ingredients Mixing Sequence in Rubber Compounding upon Vulcanization Kinetics of Natural Rubber: An Autocatalytic Model Study

Abstract

This study examined the effect of ingredients mixing sequence to the vulcanization kinetics of natural rubber. The effects of mixing temperature, vulcanization temperature, and the carbon black type upon the kinetics were also studied by using rheography and an autocatalysis reaction model approach. The results showed that this model is good in providing information on vulcanization reaction kinetics of natural rubber. High vulcanization temperature resulted in high reaction rate constant. The more black carbon mixed at the beginning of the rubber mixing process, the higher reaction rate constant would be. The mixing of carbon black and rubber chemicals mixed into the rubber subsequently resulted in the higher reaction rate constant compared with that of simultaneously.

The importance of the order of addition of ingredients in the natural rubber (NR) mixing process: A qualitative analysis through molecular modeling

“…Negative impact that could be manifested: (i) in the increase of the pre-cure time (Scorch Time) promoted by the difficulty of homogeneous dispersion of ingredients; and/or, (ii) in the decrease in cross-link density, measured by the reduction of maximum torque (Mh) in the rheometric measurements of the compositions. The investigation of HASAN et al (2018) on the effect of the sequence of addition of ingredients in natural rubber compositions containing two varieties of carbon black (N330 and N660) as a reinforcement charge corroborates with the hypotheses listed.…”

Pengaruh Paparan Microwave Terhadap Derajat Ikatan Silang Pada Vulkanisasi Karet Stirena

“…Tentunya, peningkatan akumulasi panas yang diterima tersebut menyebabkan senyawa sulfur dan molekul karet menjadi lebih reaktif. Peningkatan reaktivitas suatu senyawa dapat meningkatkan laju reaksi (Hasan et al, 2013(Hasan et al, , 2018. Hal ini tergambarkan dari densitas ikatan silang karet mengalami fluktuasi nilai dan cenderung meningkat perlahan dari awal paparan microwave hingga pada waktu 60 menit dan densitas ikatan silang karet meningkat signifikan hingga pada waktu 70 menit.…”