The effect of instructions on potential slide-out failures during portable extension ladder angular positioning

Campbell, Alan O.; Pagano, Christopher C.

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2014.01.025

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The ANSI-recommended stand and reach has been widely evaluated. The angle set-up results associated with this method are 70.55° ± 4.85° by Young and Wogalter ( 2000 ), 74.1° ± 3.2° by Knox and Van Bree ( 2010 ), 76.2° ± 3.64° by Campbell and Pagano ( 2014 ), and an average of 73.5° by Simeonov et al ( 2013 ). Several other methods have been proposed for setting up portable straight ladders at the proper angle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“… The first is the ‘quarter length rule’, also known as the 4 to 1 method, where the base of the ladder should be set away from the wall at 1/4th of the working length of the ladder. The 4 to 1 method was evaluated by Young and Wogalter ( 2000 ), and Campbell and Pagano ( 2014 ), resulting in average angles of 73.4° ± 5.67° and 70.1° ± 4.87°, respectively. The second method, known as the anthropometric or the stand and reach method, is an illustration sticker required by ANSI to be affixed to portable metal ladders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… From 1977 to 1990, ANSI required ladders to be labelled with a tilted backwards ‘L’ such that the ladder was set up properly with the sides of the ‘L’ parallel to the wall and floor (Switalski and Barnett 2003 ). The backwards L method was evaluated by Young and Wogalter ( 2000 ), Knox and Van Bree ( 2010 ) and Campbell and Pagano ( 2014 ), resulting in angles of 71.8° ± 3.13°, 72.7° ± 2.7° and 71.7° ± 3.36°, respectively. Angle feedback devices, such as a plumb bob or bubble level, mounted directly to the ladder indicating correct inclination have been recommended (Goldsmith 1985 ; Young and Wogalter 2000 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods based on instruments also have been widely evaluated and results, in general, were closer to the recommended 75.5° angle and highly consistent across participants, with small variations. For the bubble method, Young and Wogalter ( 2000 ) and Campbell and Pagano ( 2014 ) reported 75.66° ± 0.26° and 75.2° ± 0.34°, respectively, while Simeonov et al ( 2013 ) reported an average angle of 75.8°. The multimodal indicator method evaluated by Simeonov et al ( 2013 ), in which a ladder accessory provides visual and auditory signals as a direct feedback indication of proximity to the recommended ladder angle, resulted in an average angle of 75.4°.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 75° method evaluated by Young and Wogalter ( 2000 ) and Campbell and Pagano ( 2014 ), the participants were told to set up the ladder at a 75° angle without any means of angle measurement. This method resulted in angles of 71.8° ± 4.38° by Young and Wogalter ( 2000 ) and 72.2° ± 7.13° by Campbell and Pagano ( 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Straight ladder inclined angle in a field environment: the relationship among actual angle, method of set-up and knowledge

et al. 2016

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Ladder inclined angle is a critical factor that could lead to a slip at the base of portable straight ladders, a major cause of falls from heights. Despite several methods established to help workers achieve the recommended 75.5° angle for ladder set-up, it remains unclear if these methods are used in practice. This study explored ladder set-up behaviours in a field environment. Professional installers of a company in the cable and other pay TV industry were observed for ladder set-up at their worksites. The results showed that the actual angles of 265 ladder set-ups by 67 participants averaged 67.3° with a standard deviation of 3.22°. Although all the participants had training on recommended ladder set-up methods, only 3 out of 67 participants applied these methods in their daily work and even they failed to achieve the desired 75.5° angle. Therefore, ladder set-up remains problematic in real-world situations. Practitioner Summary: Professional installers of a cable company were observed for portable straight ladder set-up at their worksites. The ladder inclined angle averaged 67.3° with a standard deviation of 3.22°, while the recommended angle is 75.5°. Only a few participants used the methods that they learned during training in their daily work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Straight ladder inclined angle in a field environment: the relationship among actual angle, method of set-up and knowledge

et al. 2016

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Effects of ladder parameters on asymmetric patterns of force exertion during below-knee amputees climbing ladders

et al. 2016

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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Different from walking, ladder climbing requires four-limb coordination and more energy exertion for below-knee amputees (BKAs). We hypothesized that functional deficiency of a disabled limb shall be compensated by the other three intact limbs, showing an asymmetry pattern among limbs. Hand and foot forces of six below-knee amputees and six able-bodied people were collected. Hand, foot and hand/foot sum force variances between groups (non-BKA, intact side and prosthetic side) were carefully examined. Our hypothesis was validated that there is asymmetry between prosthetic and intact side. Results further showed that the ipsilateral hand of the prosthetic leg is stronger than the hand on the intact side, compensating weakness of the prosthetic leg. Effects of ladder rung separations and ladder slant on asymmetric force distribution of BKAs were evaluated, indicating that rung separation has a more significant interactive effect on hand/foot force of BKAs than ladder slant.

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Consumer perception of portable ladder hazards and warnings

Nemire¹

2018

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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This article describes the results of a survey intended as a preliminary assessment of consumer perceptions of the hazardousness of portable ladders and the warning labels provided on portable ladders. One hundred ten participants responded to an online survey tool called Amazon Mechanical Turk. The survey collected information about participants’ use of ladders, their ratings of familiarity with ladders, perceived hazardousness of portable ladders, and perception of warning labels on portable ladders. Results indicated a small but significant relationship between familiarity with ladders and their perceived hazardousness, and that participants thought that people should be warned about the hazards associated with ladder use. Implications for future research about consumer perception of portable ladder hazards and warnings are described.

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The effect of instructions on potential slide-out failures during portable extension ladder angular positioning

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Straight ladder inclined angle in a field environment: the relationship among actual angle, method of set-up and knowledge

Straight ladder inclined angle in a field environment: the relationship among actual angle, method of set-up and knowledge

Effects of ladder parameters on asymmetric patterns of force exertion during below-knee amputees climbing ladders

Consumer perception of portable ladder hazards and warnings

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