The effect of inter-laboratory variability on the protein:creatinine (UPC) ratio in canine urine

Rossi, G.; Bertazzolo, Walter; Dondi, Francesco; Binnella, M.; Gruarin, Marta; Scarpa, P.; Paltrinieri, Saverio

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.01.029

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In a previous study, the influence of storage and dilution of urine samples has been investigated using PRM 18 in addition to the impact of analytic variability of PRM or of adaptation of PRM to different automated analyzers in correctly substaging patients according to IRIS guidelines. 19 In the present study, the intra-assay precision of CBB was similar (in sample groups with low UP levels) or better (in medium-and high-level sample pools) than observed with PRM. 18 The inter-assay imprecision on frozen samples cannot be compared with previous studies, but was very low at all protein levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The UC was measured with a modified Jaffe method (Real Time Diagnostic Systems, Viterbo, Italy). This method is linear up to 30 mg/dL; consequently, all samples were manually diluted 1:20 with distilled water to fit the linearity of the method . Occasionally, highly concentrated urine samples were further diluted to 1:100 to fit in the linear measuring range of the method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of proteinuria in dogs: analytic and diagnostic differences using 2 laboratory methods

Rossi

Bertazzolo²,

Binnella

et al. 2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of proteinuria in dogs: analytic and diagnostic differences using 2 laboratory methods

Rossi

Bertazzolo²,

Binnella

et al. 2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…18,19 This includes minimizing the analytical variability such as using the same instrument and laboratory for repeated measurements as well as limiting preanalytical contributions such as time between specimen collection and analysis, the potential influence of sample collection timing, and variation between single and pooled specimens. [23][24][25] Twenty-four-hour urine collection for protein quantification is considered the gold standard method for assessing proteinuria. 20 Although the UPC does correlate with 24-hour urine protein excretion, variability can occur in spot UPC results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urine cortisol‐creatinine and protein‐creatinine ratios in urine samples from healthy dogs collected at home and in hospital

Citron¹,

Weinstein

Littman

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Recently, urine protein:creatinine ratios (UPC) were shown to be lower in urine samples from dogs collected at home (AH) as compared to those collected in hospital (IH). Stress‐inducing procedures and travel to the hospital have been hypothesized to cause prerenal proteinuria. Objectives Evaluate patient stress using urine cortisol:creatinine ratios (UCCr) and correlate UCCr to UPC in urine samples obtained AH and IH. Animals Thirty‐six healthy, client‐owned dogs. Methods Prospective, non‐masked study. Two voided urine samples were obtained (AH and IH). Complete urinalysis as well as UPC and UCCr were performed. Clients graded their dogs' stress level AH, in transport, and IH. Results The UCCr was significantly higher in IH samples than in AH samples (P < .0001), but UPC was not significantly different between AH and IH urine samples (P = .14). In all samples and in both collection settings, UCCr was not significantly correlated with UPC. Travel time and time IH were not correlated with change in UCCr or UPC. In 8 dogs with borderline or overt proteinuria, no significant difference was found in UPC between settings, but UCCr was significantly higher in IH samples. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The UPC was not higher when measured in urine samples collected IH compared to AH. Dogs had higher UCCr IH, but UCCr was not associated with UPC. Stress, as estimated by UCCr, did not affect proteinuria. Further evidence is needed to support the claim that stress may result in proteinuria in healthy dogs.

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“…64,87 In the interpretation of borderline results, particular attention should be paid to potential analytic factors that can influence the UPC ratio such as type of reagent, methods, or instruments. [88][89][90] Quantification of proteinuria must be repeatedly assessed (3 times in 2 weeks 84 or once on pooled urine 91 ) because additional investigations or treatments should only be pursued if proteinuria is persistent. [84][85][86][87] Finally, the origin of urinary protein should be assessed by a histologic examination of a renal biopsy.…”

Section: Abnormalities Of Urinalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory tests for diagnosing and monitoring canine leishmaniasis

Paltrinieri

Gradoni

Roura

et al. 2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

149

232

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Although several reviews on canine leishmaniasis have been published, none thoroughly described clinicopathologic abnormalities and their clinical usefulness. The aim of this review was to provide information concerning current diagnostic tests relevant for clinical pathologists and from a practical perspective. Specifically, in canine leishmaniasis, nonregenerative normocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, or leukogram changes may be present. Clinical chemistry and urinalysis may indicate renal dysfunction (azotemia, decreased urine specific gravity, proteinuria) and an inflammatory/immune response (increased acute phase proteins [APP] or α - and/or γ-globulins). Although a potential gammopathy is usually polyclonal, it may also appear oligo- or monoclonal, especially in dogs coinfected by other vector-borne pathogens. When lesions are accessible to fine-needle aspiration (lymphoadenomegaly, nodular lesions, joint swelling), cytology is strongly advised, as the presence of Leishmania amastigotes in a pattern of pyogranulomatous inflammation or lymphoplasmacytic hyperplasia is diagnostic. If the cytologic pattern is inconclusive, the parasite should be identified by histology/immunohistochemistry or PCR on surgical biopsies. Alternatively, cytology and PCR may be performed on bone marrow samples where amastigotes, along with erythroid hypoplasia, myeloid hyperplasia, plasmacytosis, or secondary dysmyelopoiesis can be observed. Dogs with overt leishmaniasis generally have high antibody titers, while low titers predominate in immunologically resistant infected dogs or in exposed dogs with no parasite confirmation. Quantitative serology is recommended in clinically suspect dogs as high-titer antibodies titers may confirm the clinical diagnosis. In confirmed and treated dogs, renal function and inflammatory/immune response variables should be periodically monitored.

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The effect of inter-laboratory variability on the protein:creatinine (UPC) ratio in canine urine

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Measurement of proteinuria in dogs: analytic and diagnostic differences using 2 laboratory methods

Measurement of proteinuria in dogs: analytic and diagnostic differences using 2 laboratory methods

Urine cortisol‐creatinine and protein‐creatinine ratios in urine samples from healthy dogs collected at home and in hospital

Laboratory tests for diagnosing and monitoring canine leishmaniasis

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