The effect of interactions between rainfall patterns and land-cover change on flood peaks in upland peatlands

Gao, Jihui; Kirkby, M. J.; Holden, Joseph

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.10.039

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The time and value of the peak discharge as well as peak erosion rate were greatly influenced by the rainfall pattern. For the non-constant rainfall patterns, the increasing rainfall had the highest peak discharges and peak erosion rates, which was also mentioned in previous studies (e.g., [33]). Under increasing rainfall, as the rainfall intensity gradually increased and the surface gradually became saturated, the discharge rate and soil erosion rate kept increasing and reached the highest peak discharge and erosion rate (e.g., Figures 4 and 6) [39].…”

Section: Effect Of Rainfall Patterns On Runoff and Soil Erosion Peakssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In this study, five temporal patterns of rainfall intensity were designed: constant rainfall intensity, increasing rainfall intensity, decreasing rainfall intensity, rising-falling rainfall intensity and falling-rising rainfall intensity ( Figure 2). Similar rainfall scenarios were also adopted by other researchers foucusing on temporal patterns of rainfall (e.g., [3,33]). All the five rainfall patterns had a 1-h duration and 40 mm rainfall depth.…”

Section: Rainfall Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling Effects of Rainfall Patterns on Runoff Generation and Soil Erosion Processes on Slopes

Wang

Gao

2019

Water

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Rainfall patterns and landform characteristics are controlling factors in runoff and soil erosion processes. At a hillslope scale, there is still a lack of understanding of how rainfall temporal patterns affect these processes, especially on slopes with a wide range of gradients and length scales. Using a physically-based distributed hydrological model (InHM), these processes under different rainfall temporal patterns were simulated to illustrate this issue. Five rainfall patterns (constant, increasing, decreasing, rising-falling and falling-rising) were applied to slopes, whose gradients range from 5 • to 40 • and projective slope lengths range from 25 m to 200 m. The rising-falling rainfall generally had the largest total runoff and soil erosion amount; while the constant rainfall had the lowest ones when the projective slope length was less than 100 m. The critical slope of total runoff was 15 • , which was independent of rainfall pattern and slope length. However, the critical slope of soil erosion amount decreased from 35 • to 25 • with increasing projective slope length. The increasing rainfall had the highest peak discharge and erosion rate just at the end of the peak rainfall intensity. The peak value discharges and erosion rates of decreasing and rising-falling rainfalls were several minutes later than the peak rainfall intensity.

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Section: Effect Of Rainfall Patterns On Runoff and Soil Erosion Peakssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Rainfall Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Effects of Rainfall Patterns on Runoff Generation and Soil Erosion Processes on Slopes

Wang

Gao

2019

Water

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“…Constraining this would require an Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) study. Nonetheless, our findings and those of Gao, Kirkby, and Holden (2018), suggest that the effectiveness of NFM interventions can depend on hyetograph characteristics.…”

Section: Role Of Storm Durationmentioning

confidence: 44%

Blanket Peat Restoration: Numerical Study of the Underlying Processes Delivering Natural Flood Management Benefits

Goudarzi

Milledge

Holden

et al. 2021

Water Resources Research

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Peatlands cover only 2.84% of the land surface of the planet, yet they provide the human population with a wide range of services, including more than a third of soil carbon storage, river flow regulation, and biodiversity (Xu et al., 2018). These sensitive systems require high precipitation or impeded drainage to develop and remain stable. Industrialization, mechanization, land-use change (e.g., agriculture or forestry) and extraction of peat for horticultural and energy production have all led to degradation of peatlands.Blanket peat, the dominant UK peat type, is unusual among peatlands in that it occurs on slopes up to 15° (Lindsay et al., 1988). When surface vegetation is damaged, their sloping nature means that erosion can rapidly occur (Evans, Allott, et al., 2005;Evans, Warburton, & Yang, 2006). Rapid and extensive peatland degradation has been going on in the UK uplands for at least a century due to increased atmospheric pollution (e.g., Rothwell et al., 2007), drainage, grazing, and wildfire damage (e.g., Evans &Warburton, 2011). Peatland degradation not only poses a severe threat to an important ecosystem, but in some circumstances may also enhance downstream flood risk (Acreman & Holden, 2013). For peat to develop and persist it must be largely saturated for much of the year, thus even intact blanket peatlands are often able to store little water during rainfall events, relative to other landscapes. Blanket peatlands typically exhibit a flashy response to rainfall, dominated by saturation-excess overland flow and/or near surface throughflow with minimal base-flow contribution (Evans, Burt, et al., 1999). Peatland degradation through, for instance, vegetation

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“…Some use theoretical land cover changes (e.g. Gao et al, 2018;Iacob et al, 2017); others use scenario-based land cover changes (e.g. Harrison et al, 2019).…”

Section: Land Cover Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonstationary weather and water extremes: a review of methods for their detection, attribution, and management

Slater¹,

Anderson²,

Buechel³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Hydroclimatic extremes such as intense rainfall, floods, droughts, heatwaves, and wind/storms have devastating effects each year. One of the key challenges for society is understanding how these extremes are evolving and likely to unfold beyond their historical distributions under the influence of multiple drivers such as changes in climate, land cover, and other human factors. Methods for analysing hydroclimatic extremes have advanced considerably in recent decades. Here we provide a review of the drivers, metrics and methods for the detection, attribution, prediction and projection of nonstationary hydroclimatic extremes. We discuss issues and uncertainty associated with these approaches (e.g arising from insufficient record length, spurious nonstationarities, or incomplete representation of nonstationary sources in modelling frameworks), examine empirical and simulation-based frameworks for analysis of nonstationary extremes, and identify gaps for future research.

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The effect of interactions between rainfall patterns and land-cover change on flood peaks in upland peatlands

Abstract: This is a repository copy of The effect of interactions between rainfall patterns and land-cover change on flood peaks in upland peatlands.

Cited by 34 publications

References 39 publications

Modelling Effects of Rainfall Patterns on Runoff Generation and Soil Erosion Processes on Slopes

Modelling Effects of Rainfall Patterns on Runoff Generation and Soil Erosion Processes on Slopes

Blanket Peat Restoration: Numerical Study of the Underlying Processes Delivering Natural Flood Management Benefits

Nonstationary weather and water extremes: a review of methods for their detection, attribution, and management

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