The effect of interleukins 27 and 35 and their role on mediating the action of insulin Like Growth Factor -1 on the inflammation and blood flow of chronically inflamed rat knee joint

An updated advancement of bifunctional IL-27 in inflammatory autoimmune diseases

“…RA-FLSs treated with IL-27 and TNFα further upregulated the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, CXCL9, and CXCL10 ( 126 ), indicating that IL-27 combined with TNFα may contribute to inflammatory component production. WT rats injected with complete Freund’s adjuvant had severe clinical features of arthritis, and the addition of IL-27 antagonist downregulated villous hyperplasia, infiltration of the inflammatory cells, pannus formation, and angiogenesis ( 176 , 177 ). IL-27rα +/+ mice immunized with proteoglycan (PG) had characteristics of arthritis, and development of arthritis was suppressed in IL-27rα −/− mice ( 178 ).…”

“…In addition, short-term administration of IL-27 to CIA mice at the onset of the disease will downregulate disease severity ( 181 ) and progression ( 185 ), whereas IL-27 was not effective in the stable phase. Moreover, the addition of IL-27 at the onset of adjuvant-induced arthritis was able to inhibit joint inflammation; however, if IL-27 was added in a later phase, it will promote the inflammation process ( 177 ).…”