The effect of interspecific competition on conifer seedling growth and nitrogen availability measured using ion-exchange membranes

Hangs, R.D.; Greer, K.J.; Sulewski, C.A.

doi:10.1139/x03-229

Cited by 89 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Table 4). This indicates that bluejoint is affected by changes in soil N availability and dynamics more responsively than white spruce, probably due to the well developed root system and high N uptake ability of bluejoint (Hogg and Lieffers 1991;Hangs et al 2004). 3.3. (Table 3); meanwhile foliar δ 13 C of white spruce did not respond to litter removal (Table 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Canada bluejoint foliar δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C indicate changed soil N availability by litter removal and N fertilization in a 13-year-old boreal plantation

Matsushima¹,

Choi²,

Chang³

2014

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Canada bluejoint grass [Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv., hereafter referred to as bluejoint] outcompetes overstory tree species such as white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] by creating a thick litter layer and competing for the available nitrogen (N). This study was conducted to investigate the effects of bluejoint litter layer (with or without litter removal) and N fertilization on soil water and N availabilities using principal component analysis (PCA) and foliar δ 15 N and δ 13C of bluejoint in a plantation in northcentral Alberta, Canada. PCA using soil properties and understory growth data demonstrated that N fertilization was more effective in changing the soil environment and resource availabilities for bluejoint growth than litter layer removal. The increase in soil N availability by N fertilization was linked with increased bluejoint foliar δ 15 N (by around 3‰) in fertilized plots, as a result of greater N isotopic fractionation in the fertilized plots. The more negative δ 13 C (by around 1‰) of bluejoint in litter layerremoved plots suggested that litter layer removal increased soil water availability, indicating that the litter layer reduced soil water availability on the site. Therefore, results from this and previous studies showed that the litter layer decreased both soil water and N availabilities. Although the exact mechanisms of the benefit of the litter layer for bluejoint remains unknown, bluejoint likely adversely impacted tree growth by competing for N due to its strong N acquisition ability under soil resource-limiting conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Canada bluejoint foliar δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C indicate changed soil N availability by litter removal and N fertilization in a 13-year-old boreal plantation

Matsushima¹,

Choi²,

Chang³

2014

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…Innovations Laboratory, Saskatoon. The concentrations of available NH 4 -N and NO 3 -N on the resins were determined after elution with 0.5 M HCl (Hangs et al 2004). NH 4 -N and NO 3 -N were determined colorimetrically using a Technicon Autoanalyzer II.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clearcut harvesting effects on soil and creek inorganic nitrogen in high elevation forests of southern interior British Columbia

Hope¹

2009

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Hope, G. D. 2009. Clearcut harvesting effects on soil and creek inorganic nitrogen in high elevation forests of southern interior British Columbia. Can. J. Soil Sci. 89: 35Á44. Responses of both soil and stream inorganic nitrogen (N) after operational clearcut harvesting were explored in two high elevation British Columbia Engelmann spruceÁSubalpine fir (ESSF) forests. At one study site, net N mineralization was measured between 1 and 11 yr after harvest. At a second site, for 3 yr after harvesting, available soil ammonium and nitrate were measured using ion exchange resins, and drainage losses of N were estimated using tension lysimeters and soil water balance models. Stream water N concentrations were also measured in one unlogged, and two logged watersheds at the second study area for 12 yr, both pre-and post-clearcut harvesting. Growing season as well as over-winter increases in post-harvest soil nitrate were detected after 3 yr, and the increases were apparent for up to 11 yr. Seasonal losses of N in drainage were greater in clearcut soils than in the forest soils in year 2 for ammonium and in years 2 and 3 for nitrate. A high proportion of the N was lost in drainage during snowmelt. Stream water ammonium in all three streams and nitrate in the unlogged and one harvested creek remained at or below the detection level. In the third creek, the frequency of detection and concentrations of nitrate peaked 2 to 3 yr after 30 to 57% of the watershed was harvested. The annual peak in NO 3 -N concentrations occurred immediately before the snowmeltdriven stream flow peak. Drainage losses and stream N fluxes were both small, relative to the total soil N content. esure´e 12 anne´es durant dans un bassin hydrographique inexploite´et deux bassins exploite´s au deuxie`me site, avant et apre`s la coupe a`blanc. Au bout de trois ans, on de´ce`le une hausse de la concentration de nitrate dans le sol apre`s l'exploitation forestie`re, durant la pe´riode ve´ge´tative et apre`s l'hiver; ces hausses sont manifestes jusque pendant 11 ans. Les pertes saisonnie`res de N dues au drainage e´taient plus importantes dans le sol des coupes a`blanc que dans le sol forestier, la deuxie`me anne´e pour l'ammonium et les deuxie`me et troisie`me anne´es pour le nitrate. Une forte quantite´de N disparaıˆt lors du drainage, a`la fonte des neiges. La concentration d'ammonium e´tait identique ou infe´rieure au seuil de de´tection dans les trois cours d'eau; il en allait autant pour le nitrate dans le ruisseau du lot inexploite´et dans un des deux cours d'eau du site exploite´. Dans le troisie`me cours d'eau, la fre´quence de de´tection et la concentration du nitrate a atteint un pic deux ou trois ans apre`s exploitation de 30 a`57 % du bassin. La concentration de N-NO 3 atteint un pic annuel imme´diatement avant que les cours d'eau connaissent leur crue printanie`re. Les pertes dues au drainage et la fluctuation de la concentration de N dans les cours d'eau sont relativement faibles, comparativement a`la quantite´totale de N pre´sente dans le sol.

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“…Probes were left in soil for one month, after which they were removed, brushed free of soil, and stored in a refrigerator until extraction. Probes were extracted with 1 M KCl and analyzed for a series of plant-available nutrients with a Technicon Autoanalyzer (Hangs et al 2004). Here, we report the data for inorganic N and P that correspond with the months preceding our analysis of enzyme activity.…”

Section: Nutrient Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric CO₂and soil extracellular enzyme activity: a meta-analysis and CO₂gradient experiment

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations can alter carbon and nutrient cycling and microbial processes in terrestrial ecosystems. One of the primary ways microbes interact with soil organic matter is through the production of extracellular enzymes, which break down complex organic molecules and release nutrients into the soil. We conducted a meta-analysis of 34 studies that examined responses in microbial enzyme activity to elevated CO 2 . We also conducted a field study of soil enzyme activity in a tallgrass-prairie ecosystem growing in sandy loam (lower organic matter content) and clayey soils (higher organic matter content) exposed to a continuous gradient of 250 to 500 ppm CO 2 . Of the 10 enzyme groups examined in the meta-analysis, including those degrading starch, b-glucan, cellulose, xylan/hemicellulose, lignin, organic P, and organic N, only the activity of one enzyme that degrades the C-and N-containing building blocks of chitin (N-acetyl-glucosaminidase) increased consistently at elevated CO 2 by an average of 12.6% (p , 0.05), especially in field studies and in woody ecosystems. In our field study, increasing CO 2 from subambient to elevated concentrations reduced the activity of leucine aminopeptidase by 32% in the black clay soil during the peak of the growing season, while b À1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase increased by 44% near the end of the season, indicating increased N limitation with increasing CO 2 . In the sandy loam soil, alkaline phosphatase activity increased by 42% with CO 2 enrichment at the end of the growing season, suggesting CO 2 -induced phosphorus limitation in these soils. Additionally, a 53-83% decrease in the carbon cycling enzymes cellobiohydrolase, a-glucosidase, and xylosidase activity with increased CO 2 was found in July. Our field study shows that soil type can strongly influence how microbial functioning may change with rising CO 2 concentrations and that microbial responses associated with C-, N-, and P-cycling are likely to change-and may already have changed-with increasing CO 2 under some soil types and conditions. Our meta-analysis revealed that, despite variable enzyme activities with CO 2 , chitinase activity increased consistently with CO 2 across ecosystems.

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The effect of interspecific competition on conifer seedling growth and nitrogen availability measured using ion-exchange membranes

Cited by 89 publications

References 31 publications

Canada bluejoint foliar δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C indicate changed soil N availability by litter removal and N fertilization in a 13-year-old boreal plantation

Canada bluejoint foliar δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C indicate changed soil N availability by litter removal and N fertilization in a 13-year-old boreal plantation

Clearcut harvesting effects on soil and creek inorganic nitrogen in high elevation forests of southern interior British Columbia

Atmospheric CO₂and soil extracellular enzyme activity: a meta-analysis and CO₂gradient experiment

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The effect of interspecific competition on conifer seedling growth and nitrogen availability measured using ion-exchange membranes

Cited by 89 publications

References 31 publications

Canada bluejoint foliar δ15N and δ13C indicate changed soil N availability by litter removal and N fertilization in a 13-year-old boreal plantation

Canada bluejoint foliar δ15N and δ13C indicate changed soil N availability by litter removal and N fertilization in a 13-year-old boreal plantation

Clearcut harvesting effects on soil and creek inorganic nitrogen in high elevation forests of southern interior British Columbia

Atmospheric CO2and soil extracellular enzyme activity: a meta-analysis and CO2gradient experiment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Canada bluejoint foliar δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C indicate changed soil N availability by litter removal and N fertilization in a 13-year-old boreal plantation

Canada bluejoint foliar δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C indicate changed soil N availability by litter removal and N fertilization in a 13-year-old boreal plantation

Atmospheric CO₂and soil extracellular enzyme activity: a meta-analysis and CO₂gradient experiment