The effect of interval sprinting exercise on vascular function and aerobic fitness of post‐menopausal women

Ho, Tze Y.; Redmayne, Georgia P.; Tran, Aengus; Liu, Diana; Butlin, Mark; Avolio, Alberto; Boutcher, Stephen H.; Boutcher, Yati N.

doi:10.1111/sms.13574

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“… Studies were conducted in women who were classified as healthy [ 10 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 52 , 54 , 65 , 69 – 72 , 75 , 79 , 161 ], with overweight/obesity [ 44 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 55 , 60 – 63 , 66 , 67 , 73 , 76 , 100 , 110 , 121 , 138 , 162 , 164 , 167 , 168 ] and/or type 2 diabetes [ 100 , 162 ]. For transparency, the same cohort of women was examined in the following pairs of references: [ 50 , 121 ] and [ 73 , 138 ].…”

Section: Cardiorespiratory Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Responses to Low-Volume Interval Training in Women

2021

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Interval training is a form of exercise that involves intermittent bouts of relatively intense effort interspersed with periods of rest or lower-intensity exercise for recovery. Low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) induce physiological and health-related adaptations comparable to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in healthy adults and those with chronic disease despite a lower time commitment. However, most studies within the field have been conducted in men, with a relatively limited number of studies conducted in women cohorts across the lifespan. This review summarizes our understanding of physiological responses to low-volume interval training in women, including those with overweight/obesity or type 2 diabetes, with a focus on cardiorespiratory fitness, glycemic control, and skeletal muscle mitochondrial content. We also describe emerging evidence demonstrating similarities and differences in the adaptive response between women and men. Collectively, HIIT and SIT have consistently been demonstrated to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in women, and most sex-based comparisons demonstrate similar improvements in men and women. However, research examining insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial responses to HIIT and SIT in women is limited and conflicting, with some evidence of blunted improvements in women relative to men. There is a need for additional research that examines physiological adaptations to low-volume interval training in women across the lifespan, including studies that directly compare responses to MICT, evaluate potential mechanisms, and/or assess the influence of sex on the adaptive response. Future work in this area will strengthen the evidence-base for physical activity recommendations in women.

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Section: Cardiorespiratory Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Responses to Low-Volume Interval Training in Women

2021

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“…The effects were in the same range as those for combined exercise. Ho et al [ 44 ] demonstrated the efficiency of interval sprints in reducing arterial stiffness measured by baPWV and augmentation index (AIx) in overweight postmenopausal women. However, low-intensity resistance exercise did not alter arterial stiffness in obese postmenopausal women [ 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Combined Resistance and Aerobic Training on Arterial Stiffness in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review

Manojlovic

Protić-Gava

Maksimović

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of combined resistance and aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women. Two databases, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant studies. The methodological quality was assessed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Only seven studies met the eligibility criteria, and their outcomes were presented. Four studies demonstrated the effects of combined resistance and aerobic training, while three showed the effectiveness of exercise with both training components, aerobic and resistance. In all studies, arterial stiffness was measured by brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Participants were middle-aged or older postmenopausal women of various health statuses (hypertensive, with comorbidities or healthy). The results unequivocally show that combined training reduces arterial stiffness. The most important finding of this review paper is that the applied type of exercise decreased baPWV in the range of 0.6–2.1 m/s. Moreover, combined resistance and aerobic exercise for 12 weeks, performed three times a week for about 60 min per training session, at a moderate intensity (40–60% HRR or HRmax), may be clinically meaningful to the cardiovascular system. In conclusion, we can say that combined resistance and aerobic training, or exercise with resistance and aerobic components, have important health implications for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and the maintenance or improvement of health in middle-aged and older postmenopausal women with different health conditions.

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“…This lack of clarity in defining exercise intensity may, in part, be responsible for the disparate findings in regard to physiological variables assessed in the studies. When high‐intensity aerobic exercise (Hoier et al, 2021 ) or sprint interval exercise (Ho et al, 2020 ) was used in an exercise intervention, cardiorespiratory fitness improved (Ho et al, 2020 ; Hoier et al, 2021 ; Swift et al, 2014 ). In contrast, exercise at low, moderate, and vigorous intensity improved arterial stiffness in postmenopausal females, suggesting exercise intensity may not be a critical factor (Ho et al, 2020 ; Sugawara et al, 2004 ; Sugawara et al, 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When high‐intensity aerobic exercise (Hoier et al, 2021 ) or sprint interval exercise (Ho et al, 2020 ) was used in an exercise intervention, cardiorespiratory fitness improved (Ho et al, 2020 ; Hoier et al, 2021 ; Swift et al, 2014 ). In contrast, exercise at low, moderate, and vigorous intensity improved arterial stiffness in postmenopausal females, suggesting exercise intensity may not be a critical factor (Ho et al, 2020 ; Sugawara et al, 2004 ; Sugawara et al, 2006 ). However, improvements in endothelial function have appeared less responsive to exercise interventions at any exercise intensity in postmenopausal females (Ho et al, 2020 ; Hoier et al, 2021 ), unless pre‐training endothelial function was impaired (Swift et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, exercise at low, moderate, and vigorous intensity improved arterial stiffness in postmenopausal females, suggesting exercise intensity may not be a critical factor (Ho et al, 2020 ; Sugawara et al, 2004 ; Sugawara et al, 2006 ). However, improvements in endothelial function have appeared less responsive to exercise interventions at any exercise intensity in postmenopausal females (Ho et al, 2020 ; Hoier et al, 2021 ), unless pre‐training endothelial function was impaired (Swift et al, 2014 ). It remains unclear what type of exercise and indeed the intensity of exercise is most beneficial for improvements in cardiovascular health in postmenopausal females, particularly for endothelial function and markers of vascular repair.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of interval exercise training to improve vascular health in sedentary postmenopausal females

Lyall

Birk

Harris

et al. 2022

Physiological Reports

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Background Menopause represents a turning point where vascular damage begins to outweigh reparative processes, leading to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Exercise training reduces CVD risk in postmenopausal females via improvements in traditional risk factors and direct changes to the vasculature. We assessed the effect of moderate (MODERATE‐IT) versus heavy (HEAVY‐IT) intensity interval exercise training upon markers of cardiovascular health and vascular repair in postmenopausal females. Methods Twenty‐seven healthy postmenopausal females (56 ± 4 yr) were assigned to 12 weeks of either MODERATE‐IT or HEAVY‐IT, twice per week. MODERATE‐IT consisted of 10s work, and 10s active recovery repeated for 30 min. HEAVY‐IT comprised 30s work, and 30s active recovery repeated for 21 ± 2 min. Endothelial function (flow‐mediated dilation), arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity), and V̇O 2peak were assessed pre‐training and post‐training. Blood samples were obtained pre‐training and post‐training for enumeration of circulating angiogenic cells (CACs), culture of CACs, and lipoprotein profile. Results V̇O 2peak increased 2.4 ± 2.8 ml/kg/min following HEAVY‐IT only ( p < 0.05). Brachial blood pressure and endothelial function were unchanged with exercise training ( p > 0.05). Peripheral pulse wave velocity reduced 8% with exercise training, irrespective of intensity ( p < 0.05). Exercise training had no effect on lipoprotein profile or endothelin‐1 ( p > 0.05). CAC adhesion to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) increased 30 min post plating following MODERATE‐IT only ( p < 0.05). Conclusions HEAVY‐IT was more effective at increasing V̇O 2peak in postmenopausal females. The ability of CACs to adhere to VSMC improved following MODERATE‐IT but not HEAVY‐IT. Interval training had the same effect on endothelial function (no change) and arterial stiffness (reduced), regardless of exercise intensity.

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The effect of interval sprinting exercise on vascular function and aerobic fitness of post‐menopausal women

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

Physiological Responses to Low-Volume Interval Training in Women

Physiological Responses to Low-Volume Interval Training in Women

Effects of Combined Resistance and Aerobic Training on Arterial Stiffness in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review

Efficacy of interval exercise training to improve vascular health in sedentary postmenopausal females

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