The effect of intranasal nedocromil sodium on viral upper respiratory tract infections in human volunteers

Barrow, G. I.; Higgins, P. G.; Al‐Nakib, W.; Smith, Andrew Paul; Wenham, R. B. M.; Tyrrell, D. A. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02774.x

Cited by 49 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Bradykinin has been discovered in the nasal fluid during rhinovirus infections (Naclerio et al, 1987) and bradykinin challenge in the human nasal mucosa produces many of the symptoms seen during rhinovirus colds, including a sore throat (Proud et al, 1988). Interestingly, pretreatment with nedocromil sodium markedly reduces both secretion and symptom scores induced by rhinovirus infections in man (Barrow et al, 1990), which thus may be due to inhibition of bradykinin-induced activation of sensory nerves. The vasodilator response in the pig airways to i.v.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nedocromil sodium on allergen‐, PAF‐, histamine‐ and bradykinin‐induced airways vasodilatation and pulmonary obstruction in the pig

Alving

Matran

Lundberg

1991

British J Pharmacology

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1 The influence of nedocromil sodium on the nasal and bronchial effects induced by allergen, plateletactivating factor (PAF), capsaicin, histamine and bradykinin aerosol challenge in ascaris-sensitized and pentobarbitone-anaesthetized pigs was studied. Blood flow changes in the bronchial and nasal circulation were measured with ultrasonic flow probes around the supplying arteries, and vascular resistance was calculated. Changes in pulmonary resistance (Rpul.), dynamic compliance (Cdy.), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were also determined. 2 Allergen and PAF aerosol challenge in the lung produced similar effects consisting of both bronchial and nasal vasodilatation, bronchoconstriction (increase in Rpuim and decrease in CdY,) and increases in MAP and HR. Local pretreatment with nedocromil sodium (80mg, aerosol) reduced the peak and duration of both the bronchial vasodilatation and increase in Rpuim, while only the duration of the change in Cdyn was significantly decreased. Nedocromil sodium did not alter the increases in MAP and HR. The nasal vasodilatation evoked by PAF, but not allergen, challenge in the lung was reduced by nedocromil sodium. 3 Allergen challenge in the nose induced vasodilatation of long duration which was reduced by local nedocromil sodium pretreatment (50,pg kg-1, intra-arterially). 4 The vasodilator response to histamine aerosol was attenuated in the nasal, but not the bronchial circulation by local nedocromil sodium pretreatment. Histamine-induced bronchoconstriction was not altered by nedocromil sodium. 5 Bradykinin aerosol-induced vasodilatation in the nasal and bronchial circulation was markedly and equally reduced by local nedocromil sodium and systemic capsaicin (50mgkg-1, s.c. 2 days before) pretreatment. The vasodilatation caused by i.v. bradykinin challenge was not reduced by capsaicin pretreatment. Capsaicin aerosol-induced vasodilatation in the nasal and bronchial circulation was not affected by local nedocromil sodium pretreatment. 6 In conclusion, nedocromil sodium blocks some local vascular and bronchial effects, but not increases in MAP and HR, induced by allergen and PAF aerosol in the pig. Bradykinin-induced vasodilatation in the airways, which seems to be largely dependent on capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves, is markedly inhibited by nedocromil sodium pretreatment, whereas capsaicin-induced vasodilatation is not affected by nedocromil sodium. It may be suggested that nedocromil sodium acts by inhibiting some common process involved in the release of mediators from inflammatory cells (when stimulated by allergen and PAF) and sensory nerves (when stimulated by bradykinin and histamine, but not capsaicin).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nedocromil sodium on allergen‐, PAF‐, histamine‐ and bradykinin‐induced airways vasodilatation and pulmonary obstruction in the pig

Alving

Matran

Lundberg

1991

British J Pharmacology

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“…Previous studies have shown that compounds which increase stimulation of the sensory afferent trigeminal nerve (e.g. zinc gluconate, Smith et al, 1991;nedocromil sodium, Barrow et al, 1990) can remove the malaise produced by experimentallyinduced URTIs. It was predicted that a hot drink would reduce the impairments associated with having a cold.…”

Section: Naturally Occurring Urtismentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine and the common cold

et al. 1997

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An experiment was carried out to determine whether caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee removed the malaise (reduced alertness, slower psychomotor performance) associated with having a common cold. One hundred volunteers were tested when healthy and 46 returned to the laboratory when they developed colds. Those subjects who remained healthy were then recalled as a control group. On the second visit subjects carried out two sessions, one pre-drink and another an hour after the drink. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following three conditions, caffeinated coffee (1.5 mg/kg caffeine/body weight), decaffeinated coffee or fruit juice. Subjects with colds reported decreased alertness and were slower at performing psychomotor tasks. Caffeine increased the alertness and performance of the colds subjects to the same level as the healthy group and decaffeinated coffee also led to an improvement. These results suggest that drugs which increase alertness can remove the malaise associated with the common cold, and that increased stimulation of the sensory afferent nerves may also be beneficial.

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“…Although antibody titres were used to confirm the presence or absence of the infection in indi viduals after challenge with virus [25], a correlation of these measures with performance has not been reported.…”

Section: Do Performance Effects Refect Underlying Pathology?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Effects of Colds and Influenza on Human Performance Efficiency: A Critical Appraisal

Savory¹

1992

Neuropsychobiology

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This paper provides an appraisal of the results published from the MRC Common Cold Unit on human performance efficiency during minor upper respiratory tract infection, i.e. colds and influenza. Despite strict controls employed in the methods of data collection, the robustness of the results and some of the conclusions drawn are questioned. In particular, the claim that colds and influenza lead to selective (and different) effects is criticised as being based on incomplete data. The lack of replication, the small sample sizes, possible response biases and use of controls are considered. Overall, it is argued that there are insufficient data to provide conclusive evidence for selective effects and that over-generalisation from such studies can be misleading.

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The effect of intranasal nedocromil sodium on viral upper respiratory tract infections in human volunteers

Cited by 49 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of nedocromil sodium on allergen‐, PAF‐, histamine‐ and bradykinin‐induced airways vasodilatation and pulmonary obstruction in the pig

Effect of nedocromil sodium on allergen‐, PAF‐, histamine‐ and bradykinin‐induced airways vasodilatation and pulmonary obstruction in the pig

Caffeine and the common cold

Selective Effects of Colds and Influenza on Human Performance Efficiency: A Critical Appraisal

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