“…Operational causes include demand forecasting (Syntetos et al, 2009;Trapero et al, 2012), order batching (Potter and Disney 2006), price fluctuation (Ma et al, 2013;Lu et al, 2012), rationing and shortage gaming, lead time, inventory policy, replenishment policy, improper control system Syntetos et al, 2011), lack of transparency (Cannella et al, 2014b;Hussain et al, 2012), number of echelons Paik and Bagchi, 2007), multiplier effect, lack of synchronization (Ciancimino et al, 2012), misperception of feedback (Gonçalvez et al, 2005), local optimization without global vision (Disney and Lambrecht, 2008), company processes (Holweg et al, 2005, Cannella et al 2014c) and capacity limits (Crespo-Marquez, 2010). The behavioral causes cover neglecting time delays in making ordering decisions (Wu and Katok, 2006), lack of learning and/or training (Akkerman andVoss, 2013, Bruccoleri et al, 2014), and fear of empty stock/customers' baulking behavior (Croson and Donohue, 2006;Lin et al, 2014a).…”