The effect of iron on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a cast Cu–12Sn-1.5Ni (wt. %) alloy

Evolution behavior of δ phase in Cu12Sn2Ni alloy and the corresponding effects on alloy property

“…Compared to gravity cast tin bronze. The tensile strength and elongation increased by 16.6 % and 85.07 %, respectively [19]. While the yield strength is slightly lower, the increase in tensile strength and elongation is mainly due to the existence of the β' phase, and the face-centered cubic β' helps to improve the good plastic deformation ability.…”

“…Vickers hardness of alloys in different states was measured using micro-Vickers hardness. Each sample was averaged by measuring 5 points, and the hardness difference between S1 and conventional castings (122.02 HV 0.1 � 2.46 HV 0.1) is minimal [19]. After heat treatment, the average Vickers hardness of S2 was 132.4 HV 0.1 � 2.1 HV 0.1, which is 11.7 % higher than that of S1.…”

“…The improvement of ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of the S2 sample are mainly due to the disappearance of the brittle δ phase in the intergranular. The existence of the brittle δ phase makes the plastic deformation of the alloy worse, and cracks will preferentially occur in the intergranular brittle δ phase, and then propagate to the matrix [19]. In addition, a large amount of precipitated δ phase on the β' phase formed the second phase strengthening, which hindered the movement of dislocations and improves the plastic deformation ability of the alloy.…”

“…Compared with the S1 sample, the S2 sample had higher strength and better flexibility and generates the δ phase while retaining the tough β' phase, which made the high-tin bronze have good processability. The tensile strength of several representative nanostructured coppers, selective laser melting fabricated copper, and gradient nanostructured bronze alloys with pre-nanoprecipitation prepared by employing surface mechanical wear treatment techniques performance, Figure 6c [19][20][21]. Compared with these several copper alloys by changing the phase structure, they have more excellent comprehensive mechanical properties than alloys with conventional microstructures.…”

Effect of destability time on microstructure and properties of hypoeutectic high chromium cast iron

“…5 The as-cast matrix of high chromium cast iron typically consists of a signicant proportion of residual austenite and a minor amount of sheet martensite. [6][7][8] The reason for the formation of residual austenite is due to the fast cooling rate of the casting, the element is not enough to diffuse, resulting in a large amount of carbon and alloying elements in the matrix, which makes the material hardenability increase at the same time, but also makes the martensitic phase transition temperature (M s ) drop below room temperature, and the austenitic structure is retained to room temperature. 9 The residual austenite in the ascast state has a high concentration of carbon and chromium, the distribution of elements inside the grain is uneven and in a susaturated state, also the stability is poor.…”