The effect of isorhamnetin glycosides extracted from Opuntia ficus-indica in a mouse model of diet induced obesity

Abstract

A diet rich in polyphenols can ameliorate some metabolic alterations associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) is a plant rich in isorhamnetin glycosides and is highly consumed in Mexico. The purpose of this research was to determine the metabolic effect of an OFI extract on a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and in isolated pancreatic islets. OFI extract was added to a high fat (HF) diet at a low (0.3%) or high (0.6%) dose and administered to C57BL/6 mice for 12 weeks. Mice fed the HF diet supplemented with the OFI extract gained less body weight and exhibited significantly lower circulating total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol compared to those fed the HF diet alone. The HF-OFI diet fed mice presented lower glucose and insulin concentration than the HF diet fed mice. However, the HF-OFI diet fed mice tended to have higher insulin concentration than control mice. The OFI extract stimulated insulin secretion in vitro, associated with increased glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) mRNA content. Furthermore, the OFI extract improved glucose tolerance, and additionally increased energy expenditure. These metabolic improvements were associated with reduced adipocyte size, increased hepatic IRS1 tyr-608 and S6 K thr-389 phosphorylation. OFI isorhamnetin glycosides also diminished the hepatic lipid content associated with reduced mRNA expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress markers and lipogenic enzymes and increased mRNA expression of genes related to fatty acid oxidation. Overall, the OFI extract prevented the development of metabolic abnormalities associated with diet-induced obesity.

Opuntia spp.: Characterization and Benefits in Chronic Diseases

“…Mice fed with the high-fat diet supplemented with O. ficus-indica extract gained less body weight and exhibited significantly lower circulating cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol, when compared to mice fed with the high-fat diet alone. In this study, the O. ficus-indica extract prevented the development of metabolic abnormalities associated with diet-induced obesity [104]. Thus, the use of different animal models provided many clues to the potential effects of Opuntia extracts in terms of energy metabolism, gene regulation, and insulin and glucose pathways regulation, suggesting that cactus pears, given in different ways in the diet, could be efficient in human treatment of obesity.…”

“…It exerts a favorable impact on insulin sensitivity through the regulation of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation [102], it attenuates hepatic steatosis in obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats [101], and it decreases metabolic and cognitive abnormalities and gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by a high-fat diet in rats [103]. To determine the metabolic effect of an O. ficus-indica extract on a mouse model of diet-induced obesity [104], the extract was added to a high-fat diet and administered to mice for 12 weeks. Mice fed with the high-fat diet supplemented with O. ficus-indica extract gained less body weight and exhibited significantly lower circulating cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol, when compared to mice fed with the high-fat diet alone.…”

Inhibitory potential of prickly pears and their isolated bioactives against digestive enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and inflammatory response

“…The collected fractions were freeze dried, weighed, and re‐suspended in methanol at a known concentration. Standards for isorhamnetin glucosyl‐rhamnosyl‐rhamnoside (IG1), isorhamnetin glucosyl‐rhamnosyl‐pentoside (IG2), isorhamnetin glucosyl‐pentoside (IG4), isorhamnetin glucosyl‐rhamnoside (IG5), and kaempferol‐glucosyl‐rhamnoside (KG1) were provided by Dr Serna‐Saldivar's laboratory from Centro de Biotecnologia FEMSA (Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico), where these compounds were previously isolated from Opuntia cladodes . Ascorbic acid, rutin, isorhamnetin, and quercetin were obtained commercially.…”

“…Pigments in prickly pears such as betanin and indicaxanthin have strong radical‐scavenging and antioxidant activity . Meanwhile, their most abundant flavonoids, isorhamnetin glycosides (IGs), possess high antioxidant activity and modulate the inflammatory response by inducing apoptosis in colon cancer cells and by preventing the development of metabolic abnormalities associated with diet‐induced obesity . Piscidic acid is the most abundant phenolic acid in prickly pears and represents approximately 90% of all bioactive compounds in these fruits .…”

“…5,6 Meanwhile, their most abundant flavonoids, isorhamnetin glycosides (IGs), possess high antioxidant activity and modulate the inflammatory response by inducing apoptosis in colon cancer cells and by preventing the development of metabolic abnormalities associated with diet-induced obesity. [7][8][9] Piscidic acid is the most abundant phenolic acid in prickly pears and represents approximately 90% of all bioactive compounds in these fruits. 3 Although it has been quantified in extracts that exhibit anti-inflammatory activity, 10 its contribution to this bioactivity has not been studied.…”