The Effect of Kampo Formulae on Bone Resorption in Vitro and in Vivo. I. Active Constituents of Tsu-kan-gan.

Li, Huiying; Miyahara, Tatsuro; Tezuka, Yasuhiro; Namba, T.; Nemoto, Nobuo; Tonami, Syuichi; Seto, Hikaru; Tada, Takahiro; Kadota, Shigetoshi

doi:10.1248/bpb.21.1322

Cited by 58 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…From a modern scientific point of view, they may demonstrate effects on 1) the enhancement of positive bone metabolism by modulating the hormonal system 27) ; 2) dietary calcium absorption 28) ; and 3) stimulation of bone formation and inhibition of bone resorption. [29][30][31][32] In the present study we demonstrated for the first time that the extract of Sambucus williamsii HANCE (SWH) prevent the reduction of bone mass and bone strength induced by estrogen deficiency in rats without substantial effects on the uterus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in Bone Mass and Bone Strength by Sambucus williamsii HANCE in Ovariectomized Rats

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2005

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Herbal Sambucus williamsii HANCE (SWH) is a folk medicine with a long history of safe use for treatment of bone fractures and joint diseases in China. The present study was designed to investigate if SWH extract could be used for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. SWH extracts (30 or 60 mg/100 g body weight/d) were orally administrated to four-months-old ovariectomized (OVX) rats for 3 months. SWH extracts did not alter weight gain and uterus weight in OVX rats. SWH extracts significantly increased serum Ca levels (pϽ0.05, vs. OVX control group) as well as decreased urinary Ca excretion (pϽ0.01, vs. OVX control group) in OVX rats. The upregulation of serum alkaline phosphatase, serum osteocalcin as well as urinary deoxypyridinoline levels by OVX was suppressed by treatment with SWH extracts in rats (pϽ0.05, vs. OVX control group). SWH extract increased the stiffness of femur at both dosage (pϽ0.05, vs. OVX control group) and increased tibial bone mineral density at 60 mg/100 g body weight/d (pϽ0.05, vs. OVX control group) in OVX rats. Our results indicate that orally administrated SWH extracts can decrease urinary calcium excretion and bone turnover rate in OVX rats, resulting in positive effects on biomechanical strength of bone and bone mineral density. This study is the first to report that SWH could be considered as a potential candidate for management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Then in vitro experiments were performed to determine the potential molecular mechanism of the anti-osteoporotic effect of SWH. Results suggested that chloroform fraction and ethyl acetate fraction of SWH can inhibit osteoclastogenesis osteoclast by modulating the expression of osteoprotegrin (OPG) and receptor activator of NFk kB ligand (RANKL) mRNA in osteoblastic UMR 106 cells. Both of them increased OPG mRNA and decreased RANKL mRNA expression, resulting in a dose-dependent increase in OPG/RANKL mRNA ratio (pϽ0.01, vs. vehicle-treated). Taken together, SWH treatment can effectively suppress the OVX-induced increase in bone turnover and its effects might be mediated by a decrease in osteoclastogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in Bone Mass and Bone Strength by Sambucus williamsii HANCE in Ovariectomized Rats

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2005

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Swertia species have also been investigated for the presence of essential elements [105][106][107]. Xanthones have been reported to display hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, antileprosy, antioxidant, anticholinergic, mutagenicity [108,109], and radioprotective effect [110], immunomodulatory effect [111], antibone resorption [112], and antiparasitic effects [113], neuraminidase inhibitory [114], antimalarial [115], anticomplement [116], antifungal and algicidal [117], and anti-HIV activity [118], and cardioprotective, antitumoral, antibacterial, antidiabetes, antihyperlipidemic, antiatherogenic, immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antiviral, antifungal [119], antidiabetic, hypolipidemic [120], analgesic, antiasthmatic, antihistaminic, antiamoebic, diuretic, antidiarrheal, larvicidal, ovicidal, antiprotozoal, antileptospiral, anti-TMV, and anticancer activities [121][122][123][124]. Xanthones from S. mussotii were evaluated for their anti-hepatitis B virus activity on HepG 2.2.15 cells line; they exhibited significant activity inhibiting hepatitis B virus DNA replication with IC 50 values from 0.01 mM to 0.13 mM [125].…”

Section: Biological Activities Of Xanthonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally Occurring Xanthones: Chemistry and Biology

Negi

Bisht

Singh

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Chemistry

164

120

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Xanthones are one of the biggest classes of compounds in natural product chemistry. A number of xanthones have been isolated from natural sources of higher plants, fungi, ferns, and lichens. They have gradually risen to great importance because of their medicinal properties. This review focuses on the types, isolation, characterization, biological applications, and biosynthesis of naturally occurring xanthones isolated so far. Different physicochemical and instrumental methods such as liquid-solid and liquid-liquid extraction, TLC, flash chromatography, column chromatography, IR,1H NMR and13C NMR spectroscopy, GLC, HPLC, GC, and LCMS have been widely used for isolation and structural elucidation of xanthones. Hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, antileprosy, antimalarial, antioxidant, anticholinergic, mutagenicity, radioprotective, immunomodulatory, antibone resorption, antiparasitic, neuraminidase inhibitory, anticomplement, antibacterial, antifungal, algicidal, anti-HIV, cardioprotective, antitumoral, antidiabetes, antihyperlipidemic, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, analgesic, antiasthmatic, antihistaminic, antiamoebic, diuretic, antidiarrheal, larvicidal, and ovicidal activities have been reported for natural occurring xanthones. To a certain extent, this review provides necessary foundation for further research and development of new medicines.

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“…siderable interest in view of its numerous pharmacological activities, including antitumor, antiviral (35,36), antidiabetic (37,38), antibone resorption (39), and antioxidant activity (40). As carcinogenic, inflammatory, and growth modulatory effects of many chemicals are mediated by NF-B, we hypothesized that the suppression of the NF-B activation pathway accounts for mangiferin activity.…”

Section: Fig 2 Effect Of Mangiferin On Of Tnf-dependent Nf-b Activamentioning

confidence: 99%

β-d-Glucoside Suppresses Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced Activation of Nuclear Transcription Factor κB but Potentiates Apoptosis

Sarkar

Sreenivasan

Ramesh

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

115

117

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Mangiferin, a natural polyphenol is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral effects. However the molecular mechanism underlying these effects has not been well characterized. Because NF-B plays an important role in these processes, it is possible that mangiferin modulates NF-B activation. Our results show that mangiferin blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced NF-B activation and NF-B-dependent genes like ICAM1 and COX2. The effect was mediated through inhibition of IKK activation and subsequent blocking of phosphorylation and degradation of IB␣. In addition, mangiferin inhibits TNF-induced p65 phosphorylation as well as translocation to the nucleus and also inhibits NF-B activation induced by other inflammatory agents like PMA, ceramide, and SA-LPS. Mangiferin, similar to the other known antioxidants, NAC and PDTC, inhibits TNF-induced reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) generation. Since intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels are known to modulate NF-B levels, we measured the levels of GSH. Mangiferin enhances glutathione level by almost 2-fold more than other antioxidants, and at the same time it decreases the levels of GSSG and increases the activity of catalase. Depletion of GSH by buthionine sulfoximine led to a significant reversal of mangiferin effect. Hence mangiferin with its ability to inhibit NF-B and increase the intracellular GSH levels may prove to be a potent drug for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapy. Mangiferin-mediated down-regulation of NF-B also potentiates chemotherapeutic agent-mediated cell death, suggesting a role in combination therapy for cancer.

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The Effect of Kampo Formulae on Bone Resorption in Vitro and in Vivo. I. Active Constituents of Tsu-kan-gan.

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Increase in Bone Mass and Bone Strength by Sambucus williamsii HANCE in Ovariectomized Rats

Increase in Bone Mass and Bone Strength by Sambucus williamsii HANCE in Ovariectomized Rats

Naturally Occurring Xanthones: Chemistry and Biology

β-d-Glucoside Suppresses Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced Activation of Nuclear Transcription Factor κB but Potentiates Apoptosis

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