The effect of key factors on thermal catalytic cracking of naphtha over Ce–La/SAPO-34 catalyst by statistical design of experiments

Taghipour, Nastaran; Towfighi, Jafar; Mohamadalizadeh, Ali; Shirazi, Laleh; Sheibani, Somayeh

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2012.09.008

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[49][50][51] RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CPOX produces syngas with a H 2 /CO ratio in the vicinity of 2. The lowest value was 1.9 at 900 • C and the highest value was 2.5 at the lowest temperature (700…”

Section: Initial Screening Of the Space Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analyses are based on the coded variables

x_{i}

defined by the linear transformation of the actual levels

X_{i}

with the arithmetic of the transformation (Equation ):

x_{i} = false(X_{i} - X_{i 0} false) / Δ x; i = 1, 2, 3, \dots, k

where

x_{i}

is the coded value of the

i^{th}

factor,

X_{i}

is the uncoded factor value,

X_{i 0}

is the uncoded factor value at the centre point, and

Δ X

is the uncoded value of the factor‐variation interval. The relationships between response variables ( y ) and independent factors (

x_{1}

x_{2}

,…,

x_{k}

) are (Equation ):

y Or 1 / y = β_{0} + \sum_{i = 1}^{k} β_{i} x_{i} + \sum_{i = 1}^{k} β_{ii} x_{i}^{2} + \sum_{i = 1}^{k} \sum_{i < j}^{k} β_{ij} x_{i} x_{j}

where

β_{0}

is the free or offset (intercept),

β_{i}

is the first‐order main coefficient,

β_{ii}

is the quadratic coefficient, and

β_{ij}

is the interaction coefficient …”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Micro‐syngas technology options for GtL

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natural gas emissions contribute to climate change, and equally importantly, affect the health of populations near gas fields.[1] At night, the flares from the Bakken fields in North Dakota burn as bright as the lights in cities as large as Minneapolis. Rather than flaring (or worse, venting), this associated natural gas represents a multi‐billion dollar opportunity.[2] Pipelines and liquefying natural gas are cost prohibitive in many cases. Converting methane to fuels is an attractive alternative. We examined three options to convert natural gas to syngas (H2 and CO), which is the first step to producing fuels: Steam Methane Reforming (SMR), Auto‐Thermal Reforming (ATR), and Catalytic Partial Oxidation (CPOX). Based on a multi‐objective optimization analysis, C5+ hydrocarbon yields are highest with CPOX as the first step followed by Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FT). A micro‐refinery with the CPOX‐FT process treating 2800 normalkL·d−1 (100 MCF·d−1) natural gas, produces 1300 normalL·d−1 (8.2 bbl·d−1) of C5+ hydrocarbons. Maximum yields for the SMR‐FT and ATR‐FT processes are 938 normalL·d−1 and 1100 normalL·d−1 (5.9 bbl·d−1, 7.0 bbl·d−1) of C5+, respectively. Large‐scale POX and ATR processes produce 1600 L per 2800 kL (10 bbl per 100 MCF) of natural gas.

show abstract

Section: Initial Screening Of the Space Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analyses are based on the coded variables