The Effect of Laser Treatment on Skin to Enhance and Control Transdermal Delivery of 5‐Fluorouracil

Lee, William R.; Shen, Shing‐Chuan; Wang, Kuo‐Hsien; Hu, Chung‐Hong; Fang, Jia‐You

doi:10.1002/jps.10142

Cited by 112 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The effects we measured were probably irreversible in vitro, but should be reversible in vivo over the timescale of normal skin healing mechanisms. Indeed, previous in vivo studies suggest that the effects of short, high temperature exposures are reversible (Badkar et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2002;Sintov et al, 2003).…”

Section: Effect Of Heat On Skin Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of heat on skin permeability

Park¹,

Lee

Kim

et al. 2008

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

111

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a b s t r a c tAlthough the effects of long exposure ( 1 s) to moderate temperatures (≤100 • C) have been well characterized, recent studies suggest that shorter exposure (<1 s) to higher temperatures (>100 • C) can dramatically increase skin permeability. Previous studies suggest that by keeping exposures short, thermal damage can be localized to the stratum corneum without damaging deeper tissue. Initial clinical trials have progressed to Phase II (see http://clinicaltrials.gov), which indicates the procedure can be safe. Because the effect of heating under these conditions has received little systematic or mechanistic study, we heated full-thickness skin, epidermis and stratum corneum samples from human and porcine cadavers to temperatures ranging from 100 to 315 • C for times ranging from 100 ms to 5 s. Tissue samples were analyzed using skin permeability measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, thermomechanical analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, brightfield and confocal microscopy, and histology. Skin permeability was shown to be a very strong function of temperature and a less strong function of the duration of heating. At optimal conditions used in this study, transdermal delivery of calcein was increased up to 760-fold by rapidly heating the skin at high temperature. More specifically, skin permeability was increased (I) by a few fold after heating to approximately 100-150 • C, (II) by one to two orders of magnitude after heating to approximately 150-250 • C and (III) by three orders of magnitude after heating above 300 • C. These permeability changes were attributed to (I) disordering of stratum corneum lipid structure, (II) disruption of stratum corneum keratin network structure and (III) decomposition and vaporization of keratin to create micron-scale holes in the stratum corneum, respectively. We conclude that heating the skin with short, high temperature pulses can increase skin permeability by orders of magnitude due to structural disruption and removal of stratum corneum.

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Section: Effect Of Heat On Skin Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of heat on skin permeability

Park¹,

Lee

Kim

et al. 2008

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

111

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“…These approaches include chemical enhancers, 4,5 iontophoresis, 6,7 electroporation, 8 microneedles, 9,10 sonophoresis 11,12 and laser ablation. 13 Although significant progress has been made in the transdermal delivery of drugs, there still exist many disadvantages such as skin irritation, 14 high production costs 15 and inconvenience. 13 Thus, it is urgent to develop a low-toxic, low-cost, convenient and efficient transdermal delivery system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promotion of the transdermal delivery of protein drugs by <em>N</em>-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles combined with polypropylene electret

Tu¹,

Wang²,

Lü³

et al. 2016

IJN

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“…Many strategies to increase skin permeation of this drug have been tested: prodrugs, terpenes, fatty acids, iontophoresis, sonophoresis, laser ablation and dendrimers which increased 5FU permeation across the skin by altering the skin structure [198][199][200][201][202][203].…”

Section: Applications Of Nanocarrier Systems In Topical/transdermal Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocarrier Systems for Transdermal Drug Delivery

Escobar-Chávez¹,

Rodríguez-Cruz²,

Domínguez-Delgado³

et al. 2012

Recent Advances in Novel Drug Carrier Systems

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is an open discussion, in one hand, the nanotechnologist continue making new and more sophisticated nanocarriers and in the other hand, toxicologist continue evaluating possible damaging effects.Whatever it happens, nanotechnology is the new era and nanomedicine cannot be taking off. New nanocarriers will be created and the entire scientist working in nanomedicine bet for it to be the cure of diseases that in this moment are difficult to deal with [3] The application of preparations to the skin for medical purposes is as old as the history of medicine itself, with references to the use of ointments and salves found in the records of Babylonian and Egyptian medicine. The historical development of permeation research is well described by Hadgraft & Lane [4]. Over time, the skin has become an important route for drug delivery in which topical, regional or systemic effects are desired. Nevertheless, skin constitutes an excellent barrier and presents difficulties for the transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents, since few drugs possess the characteristics required to permeate across the stratum corneum in sufficient quantities to reach a therapeutic concentration in the blood. In order to enhance drug transdermal absorption different methodologies have been investigated developed and patented [5,6]. Improvement in physical permeationenhancement technologies has led to renewed interest in transdermal drug delivery. Some of these novel advanced transdermal permeation enhancement technologies include: iontophoresis, electroporation, ultrasound, microneedles to open up the skin and more recently the use of transdermal nanocarriers [3,[7][8][9][10].A number of excellent reviews that have been published contain detailed discussions concerning many aspects of transdermal nanocarriers [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The present chapter shows an updated overview of the use of submicron particles and other nanostructures in the pharmaceutical field, specifically in the area of topical and transdermal drugs. This focus is justified due to the magnitude of the experimental data available with the use of these nanocarriers. The development of submicron particles and other nanostructures in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields has been emerged in the last decades for designing best formulations for application through the skin [18][19][20][21]. The skinThe skin is the largest organ of the body [22][23][24], accounting for more than 10% of body mass, and the one that enables the body to interact more intimately with its environment. Essentially, the skin consists of four layers: The SC, that is the outer layer of the skin (nonviable epidermis), and forms the rate-controlling barrier for diffusion for almost all compounds. It is composed of dead flattened, keratin-rich cells, the corneocytes. These dense cells are surrounded by a complex mixture of intercellular lipids, namely, ceramides, free fatty acids, cholesterol, and cholesterol sulphate. Their most important feature is that they are structured as ordered bilayer arrays [25]...

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The Effect of Laser Treatment on Skin to Enhance and Control Transdermal Delivery of 5‐Fluorouracil

Cited by 112 publications

References 22 publications

The effect of heat on skin permeability

The effect of heat on skin permeability

Promotion of the transdermal delivery of protein drugs by <em>N</em>-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles combined with polypropylene electret

Nanocarrier Systems for Transdermal Drug Delivery

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