Abstract:Lost circulation is one of the most troublesome encountered in drilling due to uncontrolled flow of mud into the formation that likely to be caused of unsuccessful filter cake. The lost circulation material (LCM) is the additives that added to the drilling fluid to control loss of mud to the formation. In this research, the lemongrass was used as LCM. The objectives of this experiment are to investigate the effect of lemongrass as LCM to the filtrate and filter cake thickness and to determine the effective siz… Show more
“…1a, 1b, 2a and 2b). The reason for using this particle size is because the smaller the particles size of a drilling fluid additive, the lower filtrate volume of the mud (Ghazali et al., 2014; Perlmutter, 2005). Then the pulverized saw dust and rice husk was subsequently stored at room temperature.Fig.…”
When drilling with water based muds (WBM), significant fluid loss volumes from the mud into the formation can have adverse effects not just on the mud and its properties but also on the stability of the wellbore. Prevention of mud filter loss is one way of assessing the performance of a drilling mud. However, evaluation of the effectiveness or otherwise of a fluid loss control additive can be made by characterizing the mud cake formed. Interestingly, the mud cake characterization is one area that has been somewhat neglected in drilling fluid formulation with agro waste materials. Two cellulosic materials - rice husk and saw dust were chosen for the experimental study. The specie of the rice husk used was the African rice
(Oryza glaberrima)
while the dust from the saw milling of
Oxystigma manni
was utilized for this study. To ensure result acceptability, the rice husk and saw dust were ground and the resulting products were sieved to 1.25 × 10
−4
m. The filtration characteristics of the formulated mud samples were tested using the American Petroleum Institute (API) filter press and in accordance to the API recommended practice for field testing WBMs. From the filter loss tests, it was observed that the ground rice husk prevented filter loss by an average of 77% compared to ground saw dust filtration control of 63%. In addition, it was observed that at higher concentrations, ground saw dust and rice husk prevented fluid loss to the minimum acceptable API standard. For the filter cake thickness measured in millimetres, ground rice husk exhibited thicker mud cakes when compared with the saw dust by an average amount of 14%. For the mud cake characteristics, the rice husk mud exhibited smooth and slippery cakes while the saw dust mud exhibited rough texture, sticky and firm cakes.
“…1a, 1b, 2a and 2b). The reason for using this particle size is because the smaller the particles size of a drilling fluid additive, the lower filtrate volume of the mud (Ghazali et al., 2014; Perlmutter, 2005). Then the pulverized saw dust and rice husk was subsequently stored at room temperature.Fig.…”
When drilling with water based muds (WBM), significant fluid loss volumes from the mud into the formation can have adverse effects not just on the mud and its properties but also on the stability of the wellbore. Prevention of mud filter loss is one way of assessing the performance of a drilling mud. However, evaluation of the effectiveness or otherwise of a fluid loss control additive can be made by characterizing the mud cake formed. Interestingly, the mud cake characterization is one area that has been somewhat neglected in drilling fluid formulation with agro waste materials. Two cellulosic materials - rice husk and saw dust were chosen for the experimental study. The specie of the rice husk used was the African rice
(Oryza glaberrima)
while the dust from the saw milling of
Oxystigma manni
was utilized for this study. To ensure result acceptability, the rice husk and saw dust were ground and the resulting products were sieved to 1.25 × 10
−4
m. The filtration characteristics of the formulated mud samples were tested using the American Petroleum Institute (API) filter press and in accordance to the API recommended practice for field testing WBMs. From the filter loss tests, it was observed that the ground rice husk prevented filter loss by an average of 77% compared to ground saw dust filtration control of 63%. In addition, it was observed that at higher concentrations, ground saw dust and rice husk prevented fluid loss to the minimum acceptable API standard. For the filter cake thickness measured in millimetres, ground rice husk exhibited thicker mud cakes when compared with the saw dust by an average amount of 14%. For the mud cake characteristics, the rice husk mud exhibited smooth and slippery cakes while the saw dust mud exhibited rough texture, sticky and firm cakes.
“…1 b). The reason for using 125 µm particle size additive is to increase surface area and the area of extent for effective ability of any natural product to be a better filtration loss control additive (Ghazali et al 2014).…”
Section: Sample Preparation Of Grewia Optiva Fibre Powder (Gofp)mentioning
Rheological and filtration properties of drilling fluid contribute a vital role in successful drilling operations. Rheological parameters such as apparent viscosity (AV), plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP) and gel strength of drilling fluids are very essential for hydraulic calculations and lifting of drill cuttings during the drilling operation. Control of filtration loss volume is also very important for cost effective and successful drilling operations. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to improve the rheological and filtration properties of Grewia Optiva fibre powder (GOFP) by using 30–50 nm size of silica nano particles (SNP) in water-based drilling fluid. The experimental outcomes revealed that after hot rolling of mud samples at 100 °C for 16 h, the low pressure-low temperature (LPLT) and high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) filtration loss of GOFP additives was improved, after the addition of SNP on it. The mixture of 5% GOFP + 4% SNP has reduced the LPLT and HPHT filtration loss of drilling fluid by 74.03 and 78.12%, respectively, as compared to base mud. Thus, it was concluded that after the addition of 0.4% SNP, the LPLT and HPHT filtration control ability of GOFP additive in WBM were increased by 17.6 and 15%, respectively. The rheological parameters such as AV, PV, YP and gelation of drilling fluids were also improved by the addition of GOFP + SNP mixture in the base mud. Therefore, the implementation of GOFP + SNP mixture in water-based mud showed auspicious results which reaffirm the feasibility of using them in the successful drilling operations.
“…1b). The reason for using 125 µm particle size additive is to increase surface area and the area of extent for effective ability of any natural product to be a better filtration loss control additive (Ghazali et al 2014).…”
The present work is an attempt to carry on analytical work on a biodegradable cellulosic material obtained from the fibre of a plant which is scientifically known as Grewia Optiva. In this study, 125 µm particle size of Grewia optiva fibres was used as a filtration loss controlling agent in drilling fluid. The Grewia Optiva mud samples were hot rolled at 100 °C for 16 h and it was observed that the said fibre at 5% concentration (w/v) has reduced the low pressure-low temperature (LPLT) filtration loss of drilling mud by 72.5% under the differential pressure of 100 psi. On further assessment vis a vis comparative analysis with available market products like carboxy methyl cellulose-low viscosity grade (CMC-LVG) and polyanionic cellulose-low viscosity grade (PAC-LVG), it was found that addition of CMC and PAC-dLVG at 1.4% (w/v) in reference mud, the LPLT filtration loss was reduced by 70% and 70.6%, respectively. Use of 5% GOFP in the reference mud, the high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) filtration loss of drilling fluids was reduced by 69.2% at 100 °C temperature and 500 psi pressure. The thickness of filter cake was reduced by 41.1% after the addition of 5% GOFP in the reference mud. While the conventional fluid loss reducing agents such as CMC and PAC, both at 1.4% concentration have reduced the HPHT filtration loss by 63.46% and 64.6%, respectively, as compared to reference mud. This is indicative of a valid filtration loss control potential of Grewia optiva fibre powder.
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