The Effect of Leucena Leucocephala (Lead Plant) on the Growth Performance of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Abstract

The efficacy of utilization of dried Leucena leucocephala leaves as a replacement of fish meal ingredient in the diet of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus of mean weight 19.00 + 2.00g and mean length of 14.00 + 0.50cm was evaluated for a period of 60days. The experimental diets contained Leucena leucocephala leaf meal (LLM) at levels of 0% (diet 1), 20% (Diet2), 40% (Diet3) and 60% (Diet4) of the total dietary protein respectively. A total of 80 fingerlings were introduced into 8 aquaria of volume 40litres, each randomly assigned to the four diets (0%, 20%, 40% and 60% LLM inclusion). Each LLM inclusion and the control had 2 replicates with 10 fingerlings in each aquarium. The following growth indices were monitored; Mean Weight Gain (WG) Percentage Weight Gain (PWG) Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Mortality Rate (MOR). The overall result of the different growth parameters were significantly different (P<0.05). Fish fed with 20% LLM inclusion (Diet2) meal had the best growth performance of 42.85% and a specific growth rate of 0.25 than others. Thus the inclusion of 20% Leucenea leucocephala leaf meal in the diet of cat-fish would improve their growth and reduce the cost of production by fish farmers and if well utilized will cut down importation of fish meal in the country.

A Novel Assembly Line Scheduling Algorithm Based on CE-PSO

“…The related work includes modifying the updating formula, introducing new operator into PSO, and developing hybrid PSO algorithm [21]. Currently, chaos PSO algorithm, genetic PSO algorithm, immune PSO algorithm in adaptive, and bee evolutionary PSO algorithm are studied to improve the diversity of particle population and guide directions to research [22,23]. With the continuous improvement, PSO algorithm has been used in many fields because of its simple concept, easy implementation, few parameters to tune, and excellent optimization ability.…”