The Effect of Level of Protein Fed Baby Pigs

Reber, Elwood F.; Whitehair, C. K.; MacVicar, Robert

doi:10.1093/jn/50.4.451

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This consistency suggests that some factor other than chance was responsible for the decreased feed intake. The observation that the 30% protein rations produced fastest gains is in agreement with the work of Reber et al (1953) and Becker et al (1954) which showed that, initially, the protein requirement of the baby pig is high. The inverse relationship observed between level of fat in the ration and gains (averaged across all levels of protein) was not statistically significant.…”

Section: First Two-week Test Periodsupporting

confidence: 88%

Protein and Fat Requirements of Baby Pigs

Peo

Ashton

Speer

et al. 1957

Journal of Animal Science

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Section: First Two-week Test Periodsupporting

confidence: 88%

Protein and Fat Requirements of Baby Pigs

Peo

Ashton

Speer

et al. 1957

Journal of Animal Science

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“…These workers have also shown that the protein requirement changes with the age and weight of the animals. For 2-day-old pigs, protein requirements in excess of 30% have been reported by Sewell et al (1953) and Reber, Whitehair, and MacVicar (1953); although Becker, Ullrey, and Terrill (1954) suggest that 22% protein of high quality gave good results. For pigs weaned at 1 to 3 weeks of age, an optimum protein level of between 20 and 25% has been reported by Crampton (1958, 1961); Rutledge, Hanson, and Meade (1961);and Blair (1961).…”

Section: Protein Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Peo et al (1957) found 30% protein produced the fastest gains in pigs weaned at 1 week and fed for 2 weeks, 20% protein was found to be optimum for pigs fed from 1 to 5 weeks of age. Levels of 18 to 207o protein have been reported as satisfactory for pigs 6 to 9 weeks old (Reber et al . , 1953;Crampton, 1958, 1961;Rutledge et al, 1961).…”

Section: Protein Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy, protein, and amino acid levels in the rations of weanling pigs /

Standish¹

1966

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Experiments were designed to study fat, lysine, and methionine additions to rations containing three levels of crude protein for weanling pigs from 3 to 9 weeks of age.The experiments were 3 x 5 x 2 x 2 factor¬ ials in which the factors were fat level, protein treatment, breed group, and sex. The levels of supplemental fat were 0, 4, and 8 per cent. The five protein treatments were based on rations containing 12, 16, or 20% protein and 12 or 16% protein supplemented with lysine and methionine so that the level of these amino acids was calculated to be the same as in the 20%,-protein ration. The two breed groups were Lacombe x Yorkshireand Hampshire x Lacombe-Yorkshire .Increasing protein from 12 to 16% resulted in doubling the rate of gain (from 0.11 to 0.22 kg/day) while increasing protein from 16 to 20%, resulted in a smaller but significant increase (from 0.22 to 0.28 kg/day).Increasing the lysine and methionine in the 12 and 16%, rations resulted in a 27 and 36% increase in rate of gain, respectively. Average daily feed intake was increased when the protein level was increased from 12 to 16%,, but the increase in feed consumption was not significant when protein was raised from 16 to 20 per cent. Supplemental lysine and methionine added to the 12 and 16%,-protein rations resulted in a 13%, increase in daily feed intake. Efficiency of feed utilization was improved (P <0.05) as protein was increased from 12 to 16%, (2.97 and 2.14 kg feed/kg gain, respectively) and supplementing these rations with lysine and methionine resulted in a further improvement of 15 and 17%, in the efficiency of feed utilization.Apparent digestible energy for 6-week-old pigs was not significantly influenced by any of the treatment factors. Apparent nitrogen digestibility and nitrogen retention were significantly (P

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“…Schroeder et al (23) reported that autoclaving whole raw milk at 10 to 15 Ibs. Reber and co-workers (28) , who used growth rate, feed utilization, nitrogen retention, and certain blood components as criteria, found values of 41 per cent for the very young pig and 20 per cent at eight weeks of age. had no detrimental effect on its digesti bility or biological value.…”

Section: Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition

Phillips¹,

Constant²

1954

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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An attempt will be made in this review to emphasize those areas of in vestigation in which noteworthy progress has been made. One of the out standing difficulties encountered in assessing progress in nutrition during 1953 was the lack of standardization of diets used by laboratories when simi lar problems were under study. The gathering volume of data indicates the marked effect of small changes in the diet when the nutrient or the metabolic balance is critical. This is perhaps one of the most significant aspects of nu trition research with experimental animals during the past year. It is hearten ing that Turk (1), a leading soils authority, should "spike" the half-truths of the food faddist by stating, "The theory that the over-all nutritive value of foods for man is favorably influenced by a fertile soil has not been proved," which means that the qualitative character of foods is little affected by fer tilizers applied to the soil. CARBOHYDRATESRatio techniques for the estimation dry of matter consumption of grazing animals have been studied by Kane et at.(2). The method requires two fac tors: A measurable constituent present in the forage, such as lignin, plant pigment, or indigestible protein; and an indigestible substance such as chromium sesquioxide, barium sulfate, radioactive isotopes, or dyes. The following formulae were developed: per cent indicator in the feed (A) Dry matter digestibility = 10�100 . per cent indicator in the feces Total amount of "external" indicator fed (B) Dry matter consumption = --------------Amount of "external" indicator in feces multiplied by Amount of dry matter in feces sample Per cent dry matter indigestibilityThese authors have shown that the dry matter intake calculated by formula B, based upon chromium oxide and lignin, agreed closely with weighed amounts of dry matter fed to experimental animals and were equally valid with standard total collection procedures. This held for other internal factors as well as laboratory indicators. The results obtained were within plus or 1 The survey of the literature pertaining to this review was completed in Novem ber, 1953. t The following abbreviation is used: TDN for total digestible nutrients. 319 Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1954.23:319-344. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by Michigan State University Library on 02/07/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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The Effect of Level of Protein Fed Baby Pigs

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Protein and Fat Requirements of Baby Pigs

Protein and Fat Requirements of Baby Pigs

Energy, protein, and amino acid levels in the rations of weanling pigs /

Nutrition

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