“…These adverse features could be the reason of negative leverage-performance relation in developing economies as found by many of prior studies given in Table 1. (Hailu, 2015) Ethiopia - (Hedayatzadeh, 2015) Tehran - (Alipour & Pejman, 2015) Iran - (Boadi & Li, 2015) Ghana - (Vătavu, 2015) Romania - (Mule & Mukras, 2015) Kenya - (Nakhaei & Jafari, 2015) Tehran - (Nguyen & Nguyen, 2015) Vietnam - (Ramadan & Ramadan, 2015) Jordan - (Resić, Mangafić, & Peric, 2015) Bosnia and Herzegovina - (Rouf, 2015) Bangladesh - (Vithessonthi & Tongurai, 2015) Thailand -(Akinlo & Asaolu, 2012) Nigeria -(Ebaid, 2009) Egypt - (Chen, Chen, Liao, & Chen, 2009) Taiwan - (Memon, Bhutto, & Abbas, 2012) Pakistan - (Umar, Tanveer, Aslam, & Sajid, 2012) Pakistan -Abor, (2005) Ghana - (Hung, Albert, & Eddie, 2002) Hong Kong -However, it is argued that study of direct leverage-performance relation is not useful as it depends on various contingencies and moderating factors (Farooq, Ashraf, & Ahmad, 2014). Intensity and even direction of leverage-performance relation can change because of these contingencies factors.…”