The Effect of Light Intensity on Rate of Apparent Photosynthesis in Leaves of Sun and Shade Plants

Böhning, R. H.; Burnside, Christel A.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1956.tb10533.x

Cited by 112 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The principal micrometeorological difference between their habitats is in the intensity and quantity of available light, which potentially are the primary factors limiting the species's growth and distribution (Curtis 1979). In forests, reduced light intensity often limits photosynthesis of herbs on the forest floor (Haberlandt 1914;Bohning and Burnside 1956;Taylor and Pearcy 1976;Harvey 1980;Wallace and Dunn 1980;Young and Smith 1980). As a result, forest herbs have been classified as either shade-tolerant (shade species) or shade-intolerant (sun species) on the basis of their photosynthetic responses to light intensity (Grime 1966;Sparling 1967;Taylor and Pearcy 1976 productive phenologies of shade-tolerant and shade-intolerant plants are closely related to canopy development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Photosynthetic potential of sun and shade Viola species

Curtis¹

1984

Can. J. Bot.

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The photosynthetic responses of a forest floor violet (Viola blanda) and a related meadow species (Viola flmbriatula) grown under controlled conditions were measured to test the prediction that these two species were photosynthetically shade and sun adapted, respectively. Based on their low photosynthetic and dark respiration rates, and low light saturation and compensation points, both violets can be classified as shade-tolerant. The forest species was photosynthetically and morphologically inflexible when grown under high light conditions, which led to chlorosis and greatly decreased photosynthetic performance. Conversely, the meadow species was both photosynthetically and morphologically flexible; its photosynthetic performance allowed it to grow well under both high and low light regimes. As a consequence, morphological flexibility may play a greater role than physiological (i.e., photosynthetic) plasticity in regulating the distribution of these two violets under field conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Photosynthetic potential of sun and shade Viola species

Curtis¹

1984

Can. J. Bot.

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“…In most of this early research, plants were grown in pots or containers and either left outdoors or in greenhouses and controlled cabinets, growing conditions that often resulted in the underestimation of the potential photosynthetic rates. It was a common conclusion then that rates of all studied plant species were light saturated at less than 50 % of full sun light Burnside 1956, Burnside andBohning 1957). Furthermore, another common conclusion at the time was that within a large group of herbaceous mesophytes of the temperate zone, leaf photosynthetic rates were much the same and less than 15 µmol CO 2 m -2 s -1 when measured in full sun light, normal air, and optimum temperatures (Verduin 1953, Verduin et al 1959.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Parallel to the above mentioned biochemical advances that greatly enhanced interest in photosynthetic research, plant physiologists and agronomists made efforts to study leaf photosynthetic rates of various plant species that were aided by the modern infrared CO 2 analysers (Williamson 1951) associated with leaf chamber techniques (Bosian 1955, Gaastra 1959, Egle 1960, Lister et al 1961, Hesketh 1963. The open-circuit system in which a stream of air passes into transparent chambers enclosing attached or detached leaves under illumination was employed to investigate the interrelationships between photoperiodism and CO 2 assimilation in Kalanchoe (Gregory et al 1954, Spear andThimann 1954); the effect of ecological factors on plant photosynthesis (Parker 1953, Bohning and Burnside 1956, Burnside and Bohning 1957; effects of petroleum oils on respiration (Helson and Minshall,1956); and effects of ozone on respiration and photosynthesis (Todd 1958). In most of this early research, plants were grown in pots or containers and either left outdoors or in greenhouses and controlled cabinets, growing conditions that often resulted in the underestimation of the potential photosynthetic rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pioneering research on C<sub>4</sub> leaf anatomical, physiological, and agronomic characteristics of tropical monocot and dicot plant species: Implications for crop water relations and productivity in comparison to C<sub>3</sub> cropping systems

El‐Sharkawy¹

2009

Photosynt.

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The review is done to summarise the history of the discoveries of the many anatomical, agronomical, and physiological aspects of C 4 photosynthesis (where the first chemical products of CO 2 fixation in illuminated leaves are four-carbon dicarboxylic acids) and to document correctly the scientists at the University of Arizona and the University of California, Davis, who made these early discoveries. The findings were milestones in plant science that occurred shortly after the biochemical pathway of C 3 photosynthesis in green algae (where the first chemical product is a three-carbon compound) was elucidated at the University of California, Berkeley, and earned a Nobel Prize in chemistry. These remarkable achievements were the result of ground-breaking pioneering research efforts carried out by many agronomists, plant physiologists and biochemists in several laboratories, particularly in the USA. Numerous reviews and books written in the past four decades on the history of C 4 photosynthesis have focused on the biochemical aspects and give an unbalanced history of the multidisciplinary/multinstitutional nature of the achievements made by agronomists, who published much of their work in Crop Science. Most notable among the characteristics of the C 4 species that differentiated them from the C 3 ones are: (I) high optimum temperature and high irradiance saturation for maximum leaf photosynthetic rates; (II) apparent lack of CO 2 release in a rapid stream of CO 2 -free air in illuminated leaves in varying temperatures and high irradiances; (III) a very low CO 2 compensation point; (IV) lower mesophyll resistances to CO 2 diffusion coupled with higher stomatal resistances, and, hence, higher instantaneous leaf water use efficiency; (V) the existence of the so-called "Kranz leaf anatomy" and the higher internal exposed mesophyll surface area per cell volume; and (VI) the ability to recycle respiratory CO 2 by illuminated leaves. PhD in crop physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, 1965]. For more than four decades, he has contributed to research in field crop production, breeding, and physiology of cotton, cereal crops and the root tropical crop cassava. He took a leading role in establishing a faculty of agriculture, Tripoli University, Libyan Arab Republic, and participated in the pioneering agricultural development projects under irrigation in the semiarid and arid ecosystems of North Africa and the Sahara. Abbreviations: C i − intercellular CO 2 concentration; DM − dry mass; NAD-ME − NAD-dependent malic enzyme; NADP-ME − NADP-dependent malic enzyme; PAR − photosynthetically active radiation; PCK − phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; PCRC − photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle − PEPC − phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; PGA − 3-phosphoglycerate; PNUE − photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency; PPDK − pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase; P N − leaf net photosynthetic rate; r m − mesophyll resistances to CO 2 diffusion; r k − intracellular resistances to CO 2 diffusion; Rubisco − ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ ...

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“…Tlle final coilceiltratioll of carbon dioxide available to the leaves depends on the specific activity of the C1-'02 preparatio~l ancl on the volume of the system. The rate of utilization of this carbon dioxide supply may be assumed to be the resultailt of a nulnber of factors includiilg the plant species, the light iilteilsity (3), and the carboil dioxide concentratioil (4). Although inally investigatioils of the carboil dioxide factor have been made (12, 13, 15, 16) the experiilleilts were not designed to provide clata iroill which the rate of carboil clioxide consuillptioil by leaves in a restricted atnlosphere call be calculated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Short-Term Effects of Increased Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Photosynthetic Assimilation in Leaves

Mortimer¹

1959

Can. J. Bot.

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The photosynthetic assimilation of radioactive carbon dioside by leaves from seven plant species was continuously meas~rred in a closed system in which the conce~ltration of carbon dioxide was abruptly increased from the atmospheric level to predetermined levels LIP to 2.0%. The rate of assinlilation immediately increased, approsimately proportional to concentration, but after a b o~~t one minute began to decrease. The degree and duration of the decrease in rate of uptalce varied with p!ant species and with concentration. This increased uptake of carbon dioside itiflucnced the distribution of carbon among the products of assinlilation. At the lowest co~icentration (0.1%), serine, glycine, and glyceric acid contained lllost of the carbon assimilated during the esperimen,tal period, but a t higher concentrations these were replaced by sucrose and nlanlnc.'Manuscript

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The Effect of Light Intensity on Rate of Apparent Photosynthesis in Leaves of Sun and Shade Plants

Cited by 112 publications

References 2 publications

Photosynthetic potential of sun and shade Viola species

Photosynthetic potential of sun and shade Viola species

Pioneering research on C<sub>4</sub> leaf anatomical, physiological, and agronomic characteristics of tropical monocot and dicot plant species: Implications for crop water relations and productivity in comparison to C<sub>3</sub> cropping systems

Some Short-Term Effects of Increased Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Photosynthetic Assimilation in Leaves

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