The effect of light intensity on some morphological and physiological aspects of the crop perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. var. 'Cropper') and its effect on seed production.

Spiertz, J.H.J.; Ellen, J.

doi:10.18174/njas.v20i4.17272

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Paclobutrazol increases perennial ryegrass seed yield, usually through reductions in lodging and improvements in floret site utilization. Lodging can interfere with pollination (Burbidge et al, 1978), reduce photoassimilate production and translocation to the developing florets (Spiertz and Ellen, 1972), and increase seed abortion by decreasing assimilates available for seed growth (Hampton and Hebblethwaite, 1985b). In this study, paclobutrazol did not improve floret site utilization in any of the species, probably because lodging occurred long after anthesis.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Chemical Dwarfing and the Response of Cool‐Season Grass Seed Crops to Spring‐Applied Nitrogen

1999

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Seed yield response of cool‐season grasses to spring‐applied N is usually limited because of lodging. This study investigated whether chemical dwarfing of these crops improves their seed yield response to spring‐applied N. Chewing's fescue [Festuca rubra L. subsp. fallax (Thuill.) Nyman; syn. F. rubra var. commutata Gaudin], tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were established in September 1983 near Corvallis, OR. Treatments were all combinations of 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 kg N ha−1 applied at the double‐ridge stage of development, followed by paclobutrazol [(2RS,3RS)‐l‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐(1H1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐pentan‐3‐ol] at 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 kg a.i. ha−1 applied at floret initiation stage in 1985 and 1986. Averaged across years and N rates, the 1 kg ha−1 rate reduced Chewing's fescue height by 23% and tall fescue and orchardgrass heights by 30%. In the absence of paclobutrazol, Chewing's fescue and tall fescue seed yields were the greatest at 90 kg N ha−1. Paclobutrazol did not affect seed yield response of Chewing's fescue to N rates, but tall fescue seed yield in 1986 was the greatest at 150 kg N ha−1 when only 0.25 kg a.i. paclobutrazol ha−1 was applied. Averaged across N rates, the 0.5 kg ha−1 rate increased Chewing's fescue seed yield by 32% in 1985 and 18% in 1986, and also increased tall fescue seed yield by 32% in 1985 and 23% in 1986. Orchardgrass seed yield was the greatest at 180 kg N ha−1 in both years. Paclobutrazol did not affect orchardgrass seed yield in 1985, and the 1 kg ha−1 rate decreased seed yield in 1986. We concluded that in western Oregon paclobutrazol application at floret initiation does not improve seed yield response of these crops to spring‐applied N, but it would significantly improve Chewing's fescue and tall fescue seed yield, regardless of the N rate applied. Results did not indicate any advantage for applying paclobutrazol on orchardgrass seed crop.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Chemical Dwarfing and the Response of Cool‐Season Grass Seed Crops to Spring‐Applied Nitrogen

1999

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“…Davies & R. G. Simons, unpublished). More rapid tillering in less dense swards in spring has also been observed by Spiertz & Ellen (1972). Leaf appearance rates were higher in plots defoliated more frequently, but later cutting in itself had less effect (Table 3).…”

Section: Sum Of Harvestable Cut Herbage From the Different Cutting Resupporting

confidence: 60%

Effect of autumn cutting regime on developmental morphology and spring growth of perennial ryegrass

Davies

Simons

1979

J. Agric. Sci.

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Two field experiments were conducted at Aberystwyth on simulated swards of S. 23 perennial ryegrass which were cut one or more times between August and January. The further effect of cutting in early spring was also examined.The weight of harvestable herbage produced in spring was found to be much less from plots which had been cut frequently in autumn and winter, and was also reduced when the final cutting date was progressively delayed.The principal effect of later and more frequent cutting in autumn on developmental morphology was a dramatic reduction in the length of leaves produced subsequently. This effect persisted well into the spring period. Numbers of tillers and leaves were much less affected. Thus a greater bulk of herbage was present in spring on autumnrested swards. Production of new tillers in spring was, however, encouraged by greater levels of prior utilization, including cutting in March.Total herbage yields from the different defoliation systems up to and including different harvesting dates in spring were very similar, but contained a higher percentage of dead material when autumn growth had been allowed to accumulate for longer periods. Under these systems considerable numbers of leaves were formed but died without being harvested. Tiller survival at low temperatures was poorer in swards left undefoliated after the end of August.

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“…Increases in seed set by paclobutrazol application are probably caused by reduced lodging. Lodging may interfere with pollination , or reduce photoassimilate production and translocation to the developing florets (Spiertz and Ellen, 1972). Paclobutrazol may also reduce seed abortion by increasing assimilates available for seed growth (Hampton and Hebblethwaite, 1985b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Yield Response of Perennial Ryegrass to Low Rates of Paclobutrazol

1996

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Lodging of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seed crop is a widespread problem. Crop lodging reduces seed yield and interferes with seed harvest. This study was conducted to determine if low rates of paclobutrazol [(2RS,3RS)‐1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐pentan‐3‐ol] influences seed yield and yield components of perennial ryegrass cv. Pennfine. Paclobutrazol was applied at either spikelet initiation or floret initiation at 0, 0.50, or 0.75 kg a.i. ha−1. Paclobutrazol delayed the onset and reduced the severity of lodging. Averaged over the application timings, the 0.5 and 0.75 kg ha−1 rates increased seed yield by 87 and 114% in 1983, respectively, and by 56 and 75% in 1984. No difference was observed between application timings in 1983, but in 1984 paclobutrazol had a greater effect in reducing lodging and increasing seed yield when applied at spikelet initiation rather than at floret initiation. Increases in seed yield were associated primarily with improvements in the number of seed set per spike, although paclobutrazol applied at spikelet initiation in 1983 also increased the number of spikes at maturity. Paclobutrazol did not affect straw weight, but increased harvest index in both years. Paclobutrazol, however, slightly reduced seed weight. We concluded that under western Oregon conditions, paclobutrazol rate as low as 0.5 kg a.i ha−1 applied at spikelet initiation can significantly reduce lodging and increase perennial ryegrass seed yield, although rates greater than 0.75 kg a.i. ha−1 may be required to achieve maximum yield.

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The effect of light intensity on some morphological and physiological aspects of the crop perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. var. 'Cropper') and its effect on seed production.

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

Chemical Dwarfing and the Response of Cool‐Season Grass Seed Crops to Spring‐Applied Nitrogen

Chemical Dwarfing and the Response of Cool‐Season Grass Seed Crops to Spring‐Applied Nitrogen

Effect of autumn cutting regime on developmental morphology and spring growth of perennial ryegrass

Seed Yield Response of Perennial Ryegrass to Low Rates of Paclobutrazol

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