The Effect of Long-Haul COVID-19 Towards Domains of The Health Related Quality of Life Among Recovered Hospitalized Patients

Abstract

Background: People with long-haul COVID-19 could experience various health problems, from mild to more severe ones. This research aimed to identify the effect of long-haul COVID-19, specifically on the Quality of Life domains, experienced by COVID-19 patients who have been discharged. Method: Data collection was carried out online, using data from DKI Jakarta hospitalized patients who have been confirmed with and recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infections. We selected patients who have a minimum of 28 days after being hospitalized for COVID-19 positive. Logistic regression technique was used to analyze the data. The questionnaire used in this research contained questions regarding long-haul COVID 19 symptoms and domains of Quality of Life, which were measured by WHOQOL-BREF. Prior to the data collection, we tested the questionnaire with 30 recovered patients who were hospitalized outside DKI Jakarta. Result: In total of 172 recovered inpatients who filled out the questionnaire correctly and aged 18 years and above, were selected by random sampling. Almost one-third (30.2%) of the recovered inpatients had long-haul COVID 19, with 23.8% experiencing one long-haul symptom and 6.4% experiencing more than one symptom. This research also showed that the long-haul effects of COVID-19 affected almost all domains of Quality of Life except the environmental one. Age, gender, and marital status were covariates for the association between long-haul COVID 19 and The Quality of Life. Conclusion: Continuing health services after the patient is discharged from the hospital, is an important program for COVID-19 survivors because it can prevent a decline in the Quality of Life among patients due to the long-haul COVID 19.

A Comprehensive Global Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Management, Socio-Economic Impacts and National Responses of Long COVID with Future Research Directions

“…These variants exhibit differences in transmissibility, disease progression, and severity, and may significantly impact the long-term health outcomes of affected individuals. These post-infection consequences are often referred to as Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) or long COVID, also known as long-haul COVID [2,3]. long COVID is a complex and dynamic disease, characterized by the disappearance and recurrence of some symptoms or the emergence of new ones, with little known about the biological mechanisms triggering these symptoms, complicating the diagnosis and treatment of long COVID [4,5].…”