The effect of long-term use of methylphenidate on cardiac autonomic functions and ventricular arrhythmogenesis: a prospective case–control study

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to assess cardiac autonomic balance with heart rate variability by using 24-hour Holter electrocardiography and also to assess susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias by using microvolt T wave alternance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Method: This study was conducted with age- and gender-matched groups of 40 patients taking long-acting methylphenidate for more than a year and 55 healthy controls. Heart rate variability analysis for cardiac autonomic functions and microvolt T wave alternance measurements for susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias were evaluated by 24-hour Holter electrocardiography. Results: The mean age 10.9 ± 2.7 years, mean duration of therapy 22.76 months, and mean methylphenidate doses were 37.64 mg/day. The study group had considerably higher rMSSD, higher HF, and a lower LF/HF ratio (respectively, p : 0.02, p : 0.001 and p : 0.01). While parasympathetic activity parameters were elevated, sympathetic activity parameters were low during the sleep period. Increase in the microvolt T wave alternance values of the study group was not found to be statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: In children taking long-acting methylphenidate, the autonomic balance was shown to be in favour of the parasympathetic system. Determination of the vulnerability to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias has been evaluated for the first time in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Accordingly, microvolt T-wave alternance values give the notion that drug use is safe.