The effect of low and high dose empagliflozin on HbA1c and lipid profile in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus: A real world data

Abstract

M etformin is the classical first-line treatment to provide glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, metformin alone may usually not sustain glycemic control for a long time [1], and additional treatments are needed in most patients [2]. Although they seem to be effective at first, sulfony-lureas and oral hypoglycemic agents are difficult to tolerate due to the side effects [3]. Therefore, patients with T2DM need effective and well-tolerated new antidiabetic agents that can be used in combination with available treatments to improve glycemic control, especially without an additional risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain.

Short term effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on lipid regulation in coronary artery disease patients undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Propensity-Matched Analysis

“…However, the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on blood lipids remains unclear. There were a number of studies or meta-analyses that tried to explore, but the conclusions were not identical [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Some studies shown that SGLT2 inhibitors do not affect lipid metabolism, and there is no signi cant difference in lipid pro le before and after SGLT2 inhibitors treatment [14,16].…”

“…There were a number of studies or meta-analyses that tried to explore, but the conclusions were not identical [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Some studies shown that SGLT2 inhibitors do not affect lipid metabolism, and there is no signi cant difference in lipid pro le before and after SGLT2 inhibitors treatment [14,16]. Others demonstrated that triglyceride levels dropped and total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol rose signi cantly when taking SGLT2 inhibitors [13,15].…”

“…It is unclear whether the improvement in composite cardiovascular outcomes of SGLT2 inhibitors is due to an additional lipidlowering effect or the overall metabolic effect [10]. Previous studies have shown that the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on blood lipids remains controversial [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate whether SGLT2 inhibitors have an effect on the short-term management of lipid pro les in patients with CAD undergoing PCI in the context of lipid-lowering therapy.…”

A randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of empagliflozin on triglycerides in obese adults: Role of visceral fat

“…The inhibitors enhance glycosuria by preventing glucose reabsorption in the kidney [ [15] , [16] , [17] ]. The impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on glucose metabolism in diabetic patients has been extensively studied [ [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] ]. They reduced fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and improved insulin sensitivity and β cell function in diabetic patients.…”

“…Lipid metabolism with SGLT2 inhibitor therapy has been also investigated, but the results are controversial. The inhibitors led to body weight loss, and reduced VAT and liver fat in diabetic patients [ [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , 24 ]. The loss of blood glucose due to glycosuria is expected to increase glucagon secretion, which stimulates fatty acid oxidation and consequently reduces body fat content [ [25] , [26] , [27] ].…”