The effect of low salinity on phenoloxidase activity in the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata

Butt, Daniel; Shaddick, Kim; Raftos, David A.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.05.045

Cited by 66 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Phenoloxidase enzyme activity provided a complementary measure of the onset of QX disease. Previous accounts of the QX infective cycle have shown that phenoloxidase activities decrease immediately before M. sydneyi infections are established [4,6]. In this study, a five-fold decrease in phenoloxidase activity was observed between January 30 and February 12, 2004, immediately prior to the detection of M. sydneyi in the gills of oysters.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Native-PAGE identified five electrophoretically distinct forms of phenoloxidase (designated PO a to PO e ) among the 273 wild type, QXR 4 and CR oysters phenotyped during this study (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Five Types Of Phenoloxidase Were Detected By Native-pagementioning

confidence: 83%

“…0.05, df Z 1). However, this difference was only evident when QXR 4 individuals tested after May 7 (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Qxr 4 Oysters Express Two Forms Of Phenoloxidase More Frequementioning

confidence: 92%

“…Fig. 5 shows that 55% of QXR 4 oysters expressed two forms of phenoloxidase, compared to 12% of wild type oysters (c 2 Z 81.9, P ! 0.05, df Z 1).…”

Section: Qxr 4 Oysters Express Two Forms Of Phenoloxidase More Frequementioning

confidence: 99%

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Breeding for QX disease resistance negatively selects one form of the defensive enzyme, phenoloxidase, in Sydney rock oysters

Bezemer

Butt

Nell

et al. 2006

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Five Types Of Phenoloxidase Were Detected By Native-pagementioning

confidence: 83%

“…0.05, df Z 1). However, this difference was only evident when QXR 4 individuals tested after May 7 (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Qxr 4 Oysters Express Two Forms Of Phenoloxidase More Frequementioning

confidence: 92%

“…Fig. 5 shows that 55% of QXR 4 oysters expressed two forms of phenoloxidase, compared to 12% of wild type oysters (c 2 Z 81.9, P ! 0.05, df Z 1).…”

Section: Qxr 4 Oysters Express Two Forms Of Phenoloxidase More Frequementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Breeding for QX disease resistance negatively selects one form of the defensive enzyme, phenoloxidase, in Sydney rock oysters

Bezemer

Butt

Nell

et al. 2006

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

Self Cite

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“…A sudden decrease in salinity causes a sustained inhibition of the activity and transcription of immune enzymes that are known to be important to the immunological defense of S. glomerata against M. sydneyi ( Butt et al 2006, Green & Barnes 2010b). Higher mortality rates may occur when S. glomerata are osmotically stressed and are subsequently challenged with M. sydneyi.…”

Section: Geographical Distribution Of M Sydneyi and Risk Factors Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease Prevention Strategies for QX Disease (Marteilia sydneyi) of Sydney Rock Oysters (Saccostrea glomerata)

Green

Raftos

O’Connor

et al. 2011

Journal of Shellfish Research

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An experimental heat wave changes immune defense and life history traits in a freshwater snail

Leicht

Jokela

Seppälä

2013

Ecology and Evolution

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The predicted increase in frequency and severity of heat waves due to climate change is expected to alter disease dynamics by reducing hosts' ability to resist infections. This could take place via two different mechanisms: (1) through general reduction in hosts' performance under harsh environmental conditions and/or (2) through altered resource allocation that reduces expression of defense traits in order to maintain other traits. We tested these alternative hypotheses by measuring the effect of an experimental heat wave (25 vs. 15°C) on the constitutive level of immune defense (hemocyte concentration, phenoloxidase [PO]-like activity, antibacterial activity of hemolymph), and life history traits (growth and number of oviposited eggs) of the great pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. We also manipulated the exposure time to high temperature (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, or 11 days). We found that if the exposure to high temperature lasted <1 week, immune function was not affected. However, when the exposure lasted longer than that, the level of snails' immune function (hemocyte concentration and PO-like activity) was reduced. Snails' growth and reproduction increased within the first week of exposure to high temperature. However, longer exposures did not lead to a further increase in cumulative reproductive output. Our results show that short experimental heat waves do not alter immune function but lead to plastic responses that increase snails' growth and reproduction. Thus, although the relative expression of traits changes, short experimental heat waves do not impair snails' defenses. Negative effects on performance get pronounced when the heat waves are prolonged suggesting that high performance cannot be maintained over long time periods. This ultimately reduces the levels of defense traits.

show abstract

The effect of low salinity on phenoloxidase activity in the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata

Cited by 66 publications

References 28 publications

Breeding for QX disease resistance negatively selects one form of the defensive enzyme, phenoloxidase, in Sydney rock oysters

Breeding for QX disease resistance negatively selects one form of the defensive enzyme, phenoloxidase, in Sydney rock oysters

Disease Prevention Strategies for QX Disease (Marteilia sydneyi) of Sydney Rock Oysters (Saccostrea glomerata)

An experimental heat wave changes immune defense and life history traits in a freshwater snail

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