The Effect of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria Macrocarpa) (Scheff.) Fruit Pericarp Extract on Inos in Mice Colon Intermittently-Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Mahkota Dewa fruit pericarp extract (Phaleria macrocarpa) on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in mice colon induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Method:The simplisia of P. macrocarpa pericarp was weighed (1000 g) and extracted by maceration process. The total yield of the ethanolic extract was 26.43%. Phytochemical screening was carried out for the detection of the phytoconstituents by simple qualitative methods. The antiinflammatory activity was performed by DSS-induced colitis model through assessment of hematoxylin-eosin staining and expression of iNOS by immunohistochemistry assay at four different doses, i.e., 650, 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg. Swiss Webster male mice weighing 25-30 g were used for the study.Results: Inflammation score in dose 625, 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg were 1.63, 1.43, 1.32, and 2.20, respectively. This result is significantly different (p=0.008) with DSS group that was 4.37. The results of iNOS optical density score in dose 625, 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg were 1.21, 1.119, 1.22, and 1.37, respectively. This result was significantly different (p=0.000) with DSS group that was 2.24. Conclusion:Pericarp extract of P. macrocarpa fruit exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in the experimental model shown by suppressing the expression of inflammatory cell and iNOS.

Phaleria Macrocarpa Leaf Extract-Chitosan Nanoparticles Supress Angiogenesis Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate in Mice Colon

“…The effect of P. macrocarpa on inflammation is shown by previous studies. This study showed an inhibition of the expression of iNOS protein in the cryptic colon epithelial cells induced by DSS [8,9]. The incidence of inhibitory effects is also in line with the increase in the extract dose of P. macrocarpa.…”

Potential of Phaleria macrocarpa Leaves Ethanol Extract to Upregulate the Expression of Caspase-3 in Mouse Distal Colon after Dextran Sodium Sulphate Induction

“…According to Kusmardi et al, the type of flavonoid contained in PM, kaempferol, was thought to be one of the factors that upregulate Caspase-3 expression. 35 Henry et al also state that kaempferol-induced apoptosis is related to its ability to change the expression of apoptotic markers, such as caspase-3 (caspasedependent) and AIF (caspase-independent). 36 In conjunction with apoptosis, Kaempherol increases the levels of pro-apoptotic enzymes and proteins, such as cleaved caspase-9, -7, -3, p21, p53, Bax, PARP, and p-ATM and decreased the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl2, pololike kinase 1 (PLK-1), and pAKT.…”

The Effect of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) Leaf Extract on the Mucin 1 Expression in Mice Colonic Epithelial Cells Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)

“…The mice colon tissues that were used in this research has been processed into a biological material or paraffin block from prior research correlated to the topic. The effect would be histopathologically observed and planned as a comparison, parallel, and randomly using the same process that have been used previously by Kusmardi et al and Suprapti et al 25,26 This research was done after ethical approval from The Health Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, with ethical number of : 0891/ UN2.F1/ETIK/2018…”