The effect of material hardship on child protective service involvement

Yang, Mi‐Youn

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.05.009

Cited by 131 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The selection of risk factors was based on prior investigations of this sample and focused on changeable factors about a family (i.e., nondemographic characteristics; Yang, ; Yang & Maguire‐Jack, ). The previous studies relied on a comprehensive meta‐analysis conducted by Stith et al (), which examined the major risk factors for child abuse and neglect.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and Cumulative Risks for Child Abuse and Neglect

Yang

Maguire‐Jack

2018

Family Relations

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Objective The present study investigated whether risk factors vary by subtypes of child maltreatment investigations, with particular attention to the role of cumulative risks affecting child maltreatment. Background Building and expanding on prior work finding that the accumulation of risk factors puts children at risk for maltreatment, this work examines child physical abuse and neglect investigations separately. Method A sample of 1,181 low‐income families was randomly selected from one state's public assistance caseload. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model risk factors associated with 3 subtypes of investigated child maltreatment reports. Results Risk factors for each type of child maltreatment were different. As the number of risk factors families experienced increased, the likelihood of child maltreatment increased across all subtypes of maltreatment. Specifically, families with 5 or more risk factors were at greater risk of maltreatment than families with 2 or fewer risk factors. Conclusion The threshold effect of cumulative risks demonstrates that families may be able to tolerate a moderate number of risk factors; however, beyond a certain number of risks, families may not be able to cope adequately with the stress, and the likelihood of maltreating their children dramatically increases. Implications To alleviate child maltreatment, prevention programs need to address diverse risks simultaneously, rather than focus on a particular risk factor.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and Cumulative Risks for Child Abuse and Neglect

Yang

Maguire‐Jack

2018

Family Relations

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“…Many studies have identified linkages between low socioeconomic status and CPS involvement (Berger and Waldfogel ; Slack et al. ; Yang ) and highlighted disparities in the resources of kinship caregivers as compared with non‐relative caregivers (Ehrle and Geen ; Murray, Macomber, and Geen ; Sakai, Lin, and Flores ). However, this study highlights that many children involved with CPS are living in environments where they face multiple social disadvantages, irrespective of whether they reside in or out of home, or with a relative or non‐relative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Families reported to CPS are largely low‐income (Berger and Waldfogel ; Lindsey ) and face significant material hardships (Slack et al. ; Yang ). The resources of other family settings vary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Resource Environments in Biological and Alternative Family Care and Children's Cognitive Performance*

Font

Potter

2018

Sociological Inquiry

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We examined social and economic resources in the environments of children involved with child protective services and their associations with children's cognitive performance. We used a national dataset of child protection investigations (children aged 6–16 at Wave 1). Using latent class analysis, we constructed profiles of the financial resources, parental education and employment, and family structure and size. We then examined within‐ and across‐time associations between resource environment profiles and children's math and reading scores and tested whether associations differed by family care type. Our latent class analysis identified four distinct family resource environments: educated middle class, single earner, large working class, and severely disadvantaged. Family resource environment profiles predicted current cognitive performance and changes in performance over time, but associations were more consistent for children in biological family care. Children who remain in home following maltreatment allegations may benefit from services that target social as well as economic resources.

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“…CPS involvement is associated with material hardship (Yang, 2015; see review by Pelton, 2015) and housing problems such as difficulty paying rent and moving in with family and friends (Courtney et al, 2004; Fowler et al, 2013; Hong & Piescher, 2012; Kowal et al, 1989). These associations can be causally related.…”

Section: Homelessness and Cps Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not only is there substantial overlap in clientele (e.g., Burt et al, 1999; Courtney, McMurty, & Zinn, 2004; Park, Metraux, & Culhane, 2005; Yang, 2015); each system feeds into the other (Zlotnick, 2014; Zlotnick, Tam, & Zerger, 2012). Indeed, studies suggest that families in shelter have elevated rates of CPS involvement compared to their low-income housed counterparts, and that the risk of CPS involvement increases as shelter stays become longer or more frequent (Cowal, Shinn, Weitzman, Stojanovic, & Labay, 2002; Culhane, Metraux, Park, Schretzman, & Valente, 2007; Culhane, Webb, Grim, Metraux, & Culhane, 2003; Park, Metraux, Brodbar, & Culhane, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Intersections of family homelessness, CPS involvement, and race in Alameda County, California

Rodriguez

Shinn

2016

Child Abuse & Neglect

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The homelessness and child protective services (CPS) systems are closely linked. This study examines the patterns and sequence of families’ involvement with homeless shelters and CPS, as well as whether involvement in each system predicts involvement in the other using linked administrative records for 258 families recruited in emergency shelters in Alameda County, California. More than half of families were reported to CPS at some point, but less than one fifth ever had a report substantiated. Reports that were uninvestigated or unfounded increased in the months leading up to shelter entry and spiked immediately afterward, but substantiations and child removals increased only later. Shelter use before study entry was associated with CPS referrals and investigations after study entry, although not with substantiated cases or child removals. However, CPS involvement before study entry was not associated with returns to shelter after study entry. These results imply that an unsubstantiated report of neglect or abuse may serve as an early warning signal for homelessness and that preventive strategies aiming to affect both homeless and child protective systems should focus on reducing homelessness. CPS workers should evaluate families’ housing needs and attempt to link families to appropriate resources. Black families were disproportionately referred to CPS after shelter entry after controlling for other family characteristics, but race was not associated with substantiations of neglect or abuse or with child removals. Findings lend modest support to human decision-making and institutional explanations of racial disproportionalities in CPS involvement, especially for reporters outside of the CPS system.

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The effect of material hardship on child protective service involvement

Cited by 131 publications

References 33 publications

Individual and Cumulative Risks for Child Abuse and Neglect

Individual and Cumulative Risks for Child Abuse and Neglect

Socioeconomic Resource Environments in Biological and Alternative Family Care and Children's Cognitive Performance*

Intersections of family homelessness, CPS involvement, and race in Alameda County, California

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